Chapter 14-Stress, lifestyle and health

Question 1

How is stress defined and what are stressors?

Answer 1

Stress: the perception and response to events that are challenging, threatening, or overwhelming
Stressors: events that cuz stress

Question 2

What does the
cognitive appraisal approach to stress
propose, and what is the difference between
primary and
secondary appraisal?

Answer 2

Cognitive appraisal approach - states
that how people think about a stressor
determines, at least in part, how stressful
that stressor will become
primary appraisal judges how much harm the stressor will cause and secondary appraisal is thinking about the resources and coping skills one has to survive

Question 3

How does “good” stress (eustress) differ from “bad” stress
(distress)?

Answer 3

eustress is good healthy stress that helps a person grow
distress is an unpleasant and undesirable stress

Question 4

How are the following types of stressors described:
catastrophes, life events, hassles?

Answer 4

Catastrophe: a major unpredictable event that causes a lot of extreme emotions as well as the need to adapt and adjust to the situation

Major Life Events: Causes stress due to the need of adjustment (can be a positive or negative event)

Hassles: day to day annoyances

Question 5

How are the following four common sources of stress that
occur in everyday life explained:
pressure,
uncontrollability, frustration, conflict?

Answer 5

Pressure: The psychological experience of feeling the need to fulfill urgent demands or meet others expectations.

Uncontrollability: The amount of control one has in a situtation. the less control causes more stress

Question 6

How are the three main types of conflict described:
approach-approach; avoidance-avoidance; approach-
avoidance?

Question 7

What is the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SSRS)?

Question 8

How is work associated with stress, and what are
job
strain and
job burnout?

Question 9

What is “health psychology,” and what groups are
identified by health psychologists as being at the greatest
risk of experiencing negative outcomes to stress?

Question 10

How are the
autonomic nervous system, the
General
Adaptation Syndrome, and the
fight-or-flight response
related to stress and each other?

Question 11

What are psychophysiological disorders?

Question 12

What is the relationship between stress and the
immune
system, and what is
immunosuppression?

Question 13

What is
psychoneuroimmunology?

Question 14

What is the relationship between stress and personality—
how do the four personality types differ (Type A, Type B,
Type C, and Type D)

Question 15

What is meant by catharsis and hardiness?

Question 16

What are the two ways of coping with stress (coping
strategies) and how are they described?

Question 17

What is the relationship between stress and social
support?

Question 18

How are the following techniques used to relieve stress:
exercise,
meditation, biofeedback?

Question 19

How does happiness reduce the effects of stress?