Chapter 1-Intro to Psych

Question 1

What is the definition of psyche?

Answer 1

the totality of the human mind,
including the conscious and the unconscious
mind;

Question 2

What is the definition of psychology?

Answer 2

scientific study of mental
processes (the mind) and behavior

Question 3

Through what methods of science is psychology studied?

Answer 3

empirical method - scientific research based on
evidence produced through observation and
experimentation.

Question 4

What are the four goals of psychology?

Answer 4

1) Description
2) Explanation
3) Prediction
4) Control

Question 5

How and when did psychology begin?

Answer 5

Began in the late 1800s when Wilhelm Wundt formed the first psychology lab

Question 6

How are structuralism and functionalism described, and who were the primary contributors?

Answer 6

Structuralism-study of structure of the mind-Wilhelm Wundt (Edward Titchener)
Functionalism-how mental activities helps an organism fit into its environment-William James

Question 7

Who were some of the early contributing minorities in psychology, and what were their contributions to the field?

Answer 7

Margaret Washburn-First women to get PhD in psych
Mary Whiton Calkins-First female pres of APS
Mary Cover Jones-major contributor to Counterconditioning
Francis Cecil Sumner-First African American to get PhD
Jorge Sanchez-founder of Chicano educational psychology

Question 8

How are the theories of psychoanalysis, Gestalt, and behaviorism described, and who were the primary contributors?

Answer 8

Psychoanalysis-study unconscious-Sigmund Freud
Gestalt-Believes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts-Max Wertheimer
Behaviorism-Focuses only on behavior-John B Watson

Question 9

Psychodynamic theory

Answer 9

Focused more on the development of a sense
of self and the discovery of other motivations
behind a person’s behavior than sexual
motivations

Question 10

Behaviorism

Answer 10

Study of behavior

Question 11

Humanism

Answer 11

Discusses how everyone has freewill and is able to become the best person he/she could be

Question 12

Cognitive psychology

Answer 12

Focuses on thought, memory, intelligence,
perception, problem solving, language, and
learning.

Question 13

Feminist psychology

Answer 13

Focuses on a psychology free of the influence of
male cultural biases on gender differences.

Question 14

Multicultural psychology

Answer 14

focuses on the effects of culture on psychology

Question 15

Biopsychology

Answer 15

Explores how our biology influences our behavior

Question 16

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 16

Focuses on the biological bases of universal mental
characteristics that all humans share.

Question 17

Developmental psychology

Answer 17

focuses on the
scientific study of development across the lifespan

Question 18

Personality psychology

Answer 18

focus is on
identifying and measuring personality traits

Question 19

Social psychology

Answer 19

focuses on how we relate to
and interact with others and how those interactions
influence our behavior

Question 20

Industrial-organizational psychology

Answer 20

applies
psychological theories, principles, and research findings
in industrial and organizational settings

Question 21

Health psychology

Answer 21

focuses on how health is
affected by the interaction of biological, psychological,
and sociocultural factors

Question 22

Sport and exercise psychology

Answer 22

focuses on the
psychological aspects of sport performance and the
effects of sport on mental and emotional wellbeing

Question 23

Clinical psychology

Answer 23

focuses on the diagnosis and
treatment of psychological disorders and other
problematic patterns of behavior

Question 24

Counseling psychology

Answer 24

focuses on the wellbeing
of the “psychologically healthy” individual—examines
emotional, social, vocational, and health-related
outcomes

Question 25

Forensic psychology

Answer 25

focuses on questions of
psychology in context of the justice system

Question 26

What careers exist in psychology, and what
academic requirements are needed to work in
those professional areas?

Answer 26

Psychologist-Ph.D., Ed.D., or Psy.D.
Psychiatrist-M.D.
Psychoanalyst-either a psychiatrist or a psychologist
who has special training in the theories of Sigmund
Freud and his method of psychoanalysis.
Psychiatric Social worker-Social worker with some training in therapy methods

Question 27

What is the Association for Psychological Science (APS)?

Answer 27

The APS is a professional organization that seeks
to advance the scientific orientation of psychology

Question 28

What is the American Psychological Association (APA)?

Answer 28

The APA is a professional organization
representing psychologists in the United
States

Question 29

John B. Watson; Ivan Pavlov; B.F. Skinner

Answer 29

Behaviorism

Question 30

Sigmund Freud

Answer 30

Psychodynamic theory

Question 31

Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers

Answer 31

Humanism

Question 32

Noam Chomsky

Answer 32

Cognitive Psychology

Question 33

Karen Horney; Naomi Weisstein

Answer 33

Feminist Psychology

Question 34

Charles Darwin

Answer 34

Evolutionary psychology

Question 35

Jean Piaget

Answer 35

Developmental psychology

Question 36

Gordon Allport

Answer 36

Personality Psychology