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Medical Terminology > Chapter 14 -- Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 14 -- Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

embryo

A

name change from zygote after the first cell division until the eighth week of pregnancy

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2
Q

epdidymis

A

organ in which the male sperm become functional

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3
Q

fallopian

A

tubes between the ovaries and the uterus

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4
Q

fertilization

A

the joining of the male and female gametes

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5
Q

fetus

A

name change from embryo after the eighth week of pregnancy to birth

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6
Q

gamete

A

term given to both the female ovum and the male spermatozoon

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7
Q

gestation

A

development that occurs between the formation of the zygote and birth of the child

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8
Q

gonad

A

gamete-generating organ

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9
Q

gravida

A

a pregnant woman

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10
Q

lactation

A

milk production

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11
Q

mammary gland

A

breasts

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12
Q

menarche

A

beginning of menses

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13
Q

menopause

A

normal stopping of monthly period or menses

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14
Q

menses

A

end of one uterine cycle and the beginning of another

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15
Q

menstrual cycle

A

part of the reproductive system process in women, comprising three phases: secretory, proliferative and menses

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16
Q

mitosis

A

process of cell division by which one cell becomes two, both of which the maternal and paternal chromosomes

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17
Q

ovary

A

small almond-shaped organ located on either side of the uterus

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18
Q

ovulation

A

release of a mature ovum from the ovary

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19
Q

ovum

A

the female gamete

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20
Q

para

A

a woman that has given birth to a viable baby

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21
Q

penis

A

male sex organ that transports the male sperm into the vagina

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22
Q

placenta

A

a spongy organ that is attached to the fetus by the umbilical cord and that provides nourishment to the fetus

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23
Q

pregnancy

A

period of time when the fetus grows inside of the uterus

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24
Q

progestins

A

female hormones generated in the ovaries

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25
Q

prostate gland

A

male gland that produces and stores prostatic fluid, a fluid medium that is part of semen

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26
Q

reproductive tract

A

in the male reproductive system, the ductwork leading from the epididymis to the outside of the body

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27
Q

scrotum

A

the sac that encloses and protects the testicles

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28
Q

amni/o

A

amnion; innermost of the extraembryonic membranes enveloping the embryo in utero and containing the amniotic fluid

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29
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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30
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix

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31
Q

circum/o

A

around

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32
Q

colp/o

A

vaginia

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33
Q

vagin/o

A

vaginia

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34
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads; sex glands

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35
Q

gynec/o

A

woman; female

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36
Q

lact/o

A

milk

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37
Q

mast/o

A

breast

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38
Q

mamm/o

A

breast

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39
Q

men/o

A

menses; menstrationi

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40
Q

nat/o

A

birth

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41
Q

oophoro; oo

A

ovary; egg

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42
Q

orch/o; orchi/o; orchid/o

A

testes

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43
Q

test/o

A

testes

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44
Q

ovari/o

A

ovary

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45
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate

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46
Q

salping/o

A

tube; fallopian tube

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47
Q

spermat/o; sperm/o

A

sperm

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48
Q

uter/o

A

uterus

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49
Q

hyster/o

A

uterus

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50
Q

metr/o

A

uterus

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51
Q

vas/o

A

vessel; vas deferens

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52
Q

vuvl/o

A

vulva

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53
Q

semen

A

combination of male gametes, their associated glandular secretions and prostatic fluid

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54
Q

seminal vesical

A

glands at the base of the urinary bladder that secrete a thick substance that nourishes the sperm

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55
Q

sperm

A

the male gamete; sperm is singular or plural; spermatozoon is sigular; spermatozoa is plural

56
Q

spermatogenesis

A

production of sperm

57
Q

testes

A

the organs that produce and store the male gametes

58
Q

testosterone

A

the male reproductive hormone prominent in male gamete production

59
Q

urethra

A

male ductwork that acts as a part of both the male urinary and male reproductive systems

60
Q

uterine cervix

A

the “neck” located at the lower end of the uterus

61
Q

uterine cycle

A

part of the reproductive system process in women, comprising three phases: secretory, proliferative and menses

62
Q

uterine tubes

A

fallopian tubes; tubes between the uterus and the ovaries

63
Q

vas deferens

A

duct leading out of the epididymis

64
Q

zygote

A

single cell formed at fertilization

65
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstration

66
Q

anorchism

A

congenital abscess of one or both testes

67
Q

anteflexion

A

an exaggerated forward bend of the uterus

68
Q

anteversion

A

abnormal tipping forward of the entire uterus

69
Q

azoospermia

A

absence of sperm in the semen

70
Q

balantis

A

inflammation of the glans penis

71
Q

BPH; benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

an enlarged, non-cancerous prostate

72
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the uterine cervix

73
Q

cryptorchism

A

undescended testicles or when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum

74
Q

cystocele

A

protrusion of the bladder into the anterior wall of the vagina

75
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstration

76
Q

endometriosis

A

presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus

77
Q

epididymitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis

78
Q

epispdias

A

congenital opening of the urethra on the top side of the penis

79
Q

gonorrhea

A

highly contagious STD caused by bacteria

80
Q

hydrocele

A

hernia filled with fluid in the testes

81
Q

hypospadias

A

defect where the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis

82
Q

hysteralgia

A

pain in the uterus

83
Q

hysterectomy

A

removal of the uterus

84
Q

hysteropathy

A

disease of the uterus

85
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast

86
Q

menorrhagia

A

increased amount and duration of flow

87
Q

oligmenorrhea

A

markedly reduced menstrual flow along with abnormally infrequent menstration

88
Q

oligospermia

A

low sperm count

89
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation of an ovary

90
Q

orchialgia

A

pain in the testes

91
Q

orchiopathy

A

any disease of the testes

92
Q

orchitis

A

inflammation of the testes

93
Q

ovarialgia

A

pain in an ovary

94
Q

ovaritis

A

inflammation of an ovary

95
Q

PID, pelvic imflammatory disease

A

acute or chronic suppurative inflammation of female pelvic structures due to infection

96
Q

phimosis

A

narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it cannot be retracted or pulled back to expose the glans penis

97
Q

prolasped uterus

A

descent of the uterus or cervix into the vagina

98
Q

prostatitis

A

inflammation of the prostate

99
Q

rectocele

A

protrusion of the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina

100
Q

retroflexion

A

abnormal tipping with the body of the uterus bent back on itself

101
Q

retroversion

A

an abnormal tipping with the entire uterus backward

102
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of a uterine tube

103
Q

syphilis

A

highly contagious sexually transmitted disease that is caused by a bacterium

104
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vaginal tissues that may be infectious or due to several other causes

105
Q

variocele

A

a varicose vein of the testes

106
Q

amniocentesis

A

extraction and diagnostic examination of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac

107
Q

cervicectomy

A

excision of the uterine cervix

108
Q

cervicoplasty

A

surgical repair of the uterine cervix

109
Q

cervicotomy

A

incision into the uterine cervix

110
Q

cesarean section

A

surgical operation through the abdominal wall and uterus for the delivery of the baby

111
Q

circumcision

A

a surgical procedure to remove the foreskin of the penis

112
Q

colposscopy

A

using an endoscopic instrument to examine the vagina and the cervix

113
Q

D&C

A

dilation and curettage; dilation of the cervix and curettage, which involves scraping the lining of the uterus

114
Q

hysterectomy

A

surgical removal of the uterus

115
Q

hysteropexy

A

surgical fixation of the uterus

116
Q

hysteroplasty

A

surgical repair of the uterus

117
Q

hysterotomy

A

incision of the uterus

118
Q

laparoscopy

A

direct visualization of the interior of the abdomen with the use of a laparoscope

119
Q

mammography

A

examination of the breast be means of an imaging technique, such a s radiography

120
Q

mastectomy

A

surgical removal of a breast

121
Q

oophorectomy

A

excision of an ovary; ovariectomy

122
Q

oophoroplasty

A

surgical repair of an ovary

123
Q

oophorotomy

A

incision into an ovary

124
Q

orchiectomy

A

removal of one of both testes

125
Q

orchioplasty

A

surgical repair of a testis

126
Q

orchiotomy

A

incision into a testis

127
Q

ovariectomy

A

excision of one of both ovaries

128
Q

ovariatomy

A

incision into an ovary

129
Q

Pap smear

A

exfoliative biopsy or a scraping of the cervix to diagnose conditions of the cervix and surrounding tissues

130
Q

saping-oophorectomy

A

removal of a ovary and Fallopian tube

131
Q

tubal ligation

A

surgical procedure performed for female sterilization where each Fallopian tube is tied off or “ligated” to prevent the ovum from reaching the uterus

132
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate; the removal of part or all of the prostate the the urethra

133
Q

uteropexy

A

surgical fixation of the uterus

134
Q

uteroplasty

A

surgical repair of the uterus

135
Q

uterotomy

A

incision of the uterus

136
Q

varicoceleectomy

A

the removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to remove a varicocele

137
Q

vasovasostomy

A

procedure to restore fertility to a vasectomized male; reconnect the vas deferens

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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