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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 -- Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 13 -- Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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2
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus (tiny filtration unit in the kidneys)

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3
Q

-iasis

A

suffix meaning “condition” or “state”

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4
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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5
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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6
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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7
Q

noct/o

A

night

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8
Q

olig/o

A

little or few

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9
Q

poly-

A

much; many

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10
Q

py/o

A

pus

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11
Q

pyel/o

A

pelvis

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12
Q

ur/o; urin/o

A

urine

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13
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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14
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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15
Q

electrolyte

A

electricity-conducting compound in solution

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16
Q

glomerulus

A

capillary network found inside each nephron

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17
Q

kidney

A

organ that excretes urine

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18
Q

nephron

A

tiny structure within the kidney in which urine production begins

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19
Q

perirenal fat

A

fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule

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20
Q

renal fascia

A

protective outer covering of the kidney

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21
Q

retroperitoneal

A

space between the parietal peritoneum and the muscles and bones of the peritoneum

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22
Q

sphincters

A

circular muscle that surrounds a tube such as the urethra and constricts the tube when it contracts

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23
Q

urea

A

natural waste product of metabolism that is excreted in urine

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24
Q

ureters

A

two tubes that transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

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25
Q

urethra

A

tube that conducts urine away from the bladder from expulsion

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26
Q

uric acid

A

natural waste product of metabolism that is excreted in urine

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27
Q

urinary bladder

A

temporary storage receptacle for urine

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28
Q

urinate

A

passing of urine

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29
Q

urine

A

water and soluble substances excreted by the kidneys

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30
Q

void

A

to urinate

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31
Q

albuminuria

A

presence of protein in urine

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32
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine formation

33
Q

calculus

A

a kidney stone (in context of urinary system)

34
Q

cystalgia

A

pain in the a bladder; most often used to signify the urinary bladder

35
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

36
Q

cystocele

A

hernia of the bladder

37
Q

cystolith

A

bladder stone

38
Q

diuretic

A

drug that promotes the excretion of urine

39
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

40
Q

enuresis

A

bedwetting

41
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

renal disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli (not from kidney infection)

42
Q

glycosuria

A

urinary excretion of carbohydrates

43
Q

hematuria

A

urinary excretion of blood

44
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control urine

45
Q

nephralgia

A

pain in the kidneys

46
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

47
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

the presence of a renal calculi

48
Q

nephromegaly

A

enlargement of one or both kidneys; renomegaly

49
Q

nephropathy

A

disease of the kidney

50
Q

nephroptosis

A

prolapse of the kidney

51
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

52
Q

oliguria

A

diminished urine production

53
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urine production

54
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal or kidney pelvis due to local bacteria infection

55
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

56
Q

renal calculus

A

a kidney stone

57
Q

renal failure

A

impairment of renal function, either acute or chronic, with retention of urea, creatinine, and other waste products

58
Q

renal hypoplasia

A

an underdeveloped kidney

59
Q

retention

A

the inability to empty the bladder

60
Q

uremia

A

an excess of urea in the blood

61
Q

azotemia

A

an excess of urea in the blood

62
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation of a ureter

63
Q

urethralgia

A

pain in the urethra

64
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

65
Q

urethrostenosis

A

narrowing of the urethra

66
Q

urinary tract infection

A

microbial infection of any part of the urinary tract

67
Q

cystectomy

A

excision of the urinary bladder

68
Q

cystopexy

A

surgical fixation of the urinary bladder

69
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual inspection of the bladder by means of an instrument called a cystoscope

70
Q

dialysis

A

filtration to remove colloidal particles from a fluid; a method of artificial kidney function

71
Q

hemodialysis

A

removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a semipermeable membrane

72
Q

lithotripsy

A

treatment in which a stone in the kidney, urethra or bladder is broken up into small particles

73
Q

nephrectomy

A

removal of a kidney

74
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision into the kidney to remove a calculus

75
Q

ureterplasty

A

surgical repair of a ureter

76
Q

ureterrrhaphy

A

suture of a ureter

77
Q

ureteroscope

A

instrument used to visually examine the ureter

78
Q

urinalysis

A

analysis of urine

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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