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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12 -- Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 12 -- Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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2
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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3
Q

chol/e; chol/o

A

bile, gall

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4
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile duct

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5
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gall bladder

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6
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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7
Q

col/o; colon/o

A

colon

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8
Q

dent/i; dent/o

A

teeth

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9
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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10
Q

enter/o

A

intestine

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11
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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12
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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13
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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14
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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15
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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16
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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17
Q

-lith

A

stone

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18
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

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19
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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20
Q

pylor/o

A

pyloris

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21
Q

sial/o

A

salivary glands

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22
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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23
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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24
Q

phag/o

A

eating; swallowing

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25
Q

alimentary canal

A

GI tract

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26
Q

antibody

A

antibacterial agents

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27
Q

bilirubin

A

waste products produced by RBC’s breaking down

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28
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

the ring-like muscle between the esophagus and stomach that controls food flow

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29
Q

colon

A

the large intestine; (transverse, sigmoid and descending)

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30
Q

common bile duct

A

tube that transports bile from the liver to the gallbladder

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31
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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32
Q

duodenal

A

dealing with the duodenum

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33
Q

duodenum

A

segment of the small intestine containing the stomach

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34
Q

esophagus

A

the part of the digestive tract between the pharynx and stomach

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35
Q

fundus

A

the part of the stomach lying above the cardia notch

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36
Q

gallbladder

A

small pear-shaped organ that stores bile

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37
Q

gastric

A

dealing with stomach

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38
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A

the alimentary tract

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39
Q

ileocecal sphincter

A

muscular ring that separates the distal portion of the ileum and the beginning of the cecum

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40
Q

ileum

A

the longest segment of the small intestine which leads into the large intestine

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41
Q

intestine

A

small (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) LARGE (cecum, colon, rectum and anus)

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42
Q

jejunum

A

eight-foot-long segment of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum

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43
Q

pancreas

A

organ of the digestive system that has exocrine and endocrine functions; secretes enzymes that aid in digestion

44
Q

peristalsis

A

wave-live muscular contractions that move food along in the digestive tract

45
Q

pharynx

A

passageway just below the nasal cavity and the mouth

46
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

ring muscle between the stomach and the duodenum

47
Q

salivary glands

A

the parotid, sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

48
Q

stoma

A

an artificial opening

49
Q

stomach

A

digestive organ composed of 4 parts: 1-fundus, 2-cardia, 3-the body and 4-the antrum

50
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite

51
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

52
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

53
Q

bruxism

A

involuntary grinding of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep

54
Q

bullimia

A

eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting and misuse of laxatives

55
Q

cholangiolitis

A

inflammation of the bile ducts

56
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gall bladder

57
Q

cholecystopathy

A

disease of the gall bladder

58
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

inflammation of the bile duct caused by gall stones

59
Q

cholelithasis

A

formation or presence of stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

60
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease of the liver

61
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon

62
Q

constipation

A

decrease on the frequency of the bowel movements, difficultly in passing stools and or hard/dry stools

63
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

64
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay

65
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of a diverticulum or sac in the intestinal tract

66
Q

duodenitis

A

inflammation of the duodenum

67
Q

dyspepsia

A

impairment of digestion

68
Q

dysphagia

A

difficultly swallowing

69
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the intestine

70
Q

enterohepatitis

A

inflammation of the intestine and liver

71
Q

enteropathy

A

disease of the intestine

72
Q

eructation

A

act of burping or belching

73
Q

gastric ulcers

A

erosion of the gastric mucosa

74
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

75
Q

gastrocele

A

hernia of the stomach

76
Q

gastroduodenitis

A

inflammation of the stomach and duodenum

77
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and intestine

78
Q

GERD

A

upward flow of stomach acid into the esophogus

79
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

80
Q

hemorrhoids

A

enlarged veins in or near the anus that may cause pain or bleeding

81
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

82
Q

hepatogenic

A

originating in the liver

83
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlarged liver

84
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of the stomach through the diaphram into the thoracic cavity.

85
Q

hyperemesis

A

excessive vomiting

86
Q

inguinal hernia

A

out-pouching of intestines into the inguinal or groin region

87
Q

intussusception

A

one part of the intestine slipping or telescoping over another

88
Q

jaundice

A

yellowish cast to the skin, sclera and mucous membranes caused by bile deposits

89
Q

jejunitis

A

inflammation of the jejunum

90
Q

melena

A

blood in the stool

91
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

92
Q

pancreatopathy

A

disease of the pancreas

93
Q

parotiditis

A

inflammation of the parotid salivary glands

94
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneal cavity

95
Q

polyp

A

growth protruding from a stalk in the digestive tract

96
Q

sialoadenitis

A

inflammation of a salivary gland

97
Q

sialorrhea

A

excessive production of saliva

98
Q

sialoangiitis

A

inflammation of a salivary duct

99
Q

sialostenosis

A

narrowing of a salivary duct

100
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

101
Q

emetic

A

agent used to induce vomiting

102
Q

H2 blocker

A

given for GERD that block the release of gastric acid

103
Q

hepatscopy

A

visual examination of the liver

104
Q

sialography

A

radiography of salivary glands and ducts

105
Q

proctologist

A

a specialist in treatment of the rectum

106
Q

anastomosis

A

creation of an opening between two hollow organs

107
Q

-pexy

A

fixation

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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