Chapter 14- Neurocognitive Disorders

Question 0

Amnestic Disorder

Answer 0

Striking deficit in the ability to recall ongoing events more than a few minutes after they have taken place, or the inability to recall the recent past.

Question 1

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 1

A progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by deterioration in memory, cognition, and basic self-care skills.

Question 2

Amyloid Plaques

Answer 2

Found in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease, these deposits of aluminum silicate and abnormal protein (beta amyloid) are believed to cause loss of neurons.

Question 3

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 3

Loss of memory for events that occur following trauma or shock.

Question 4

APOE-E4 Allele

Answer 4

Variant of a gene on chromosome 19 that significantly enhances risk for late onset Alzheimer’s disease.

Question 5

Delirium

Answer 5

State of mental confusion characterized by relatively rapid onset of widespread disorganization of the higher mental processes, caused by a generalized disturbance in brain metabolism. May include impaired perception, memory, and thinking and abnormal psychomotor activity.

Question 6

Dementia

Answer 6

Progressive deterioration of brain functioning occurring after the completion of brain maturation in adolescences. Characterized by deficits in memory, abstract thinking, acquisition of new knowledge or skills, visuospatial comprehension, motor control, problem-solving, and judgment.

Question 7

Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 7

Form of Alzheimer’s disease that appears in people who are younger than approximately 60 years of age. Thought to be caused by rare genetic mutations.

Question 8

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Impairment

Answer 8

Mild or major neurocognitive disorder caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Question 9

Huntington’s Disease

Answer 9

A rare and fatal degenerative disorder which is manifested in jerking, twitching movements, and mental deterioration. Caused by a dominant gene on chromosome 4. Formerly called Huntington’s chorea. Patients usually develop dementia.

Question 10

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

Answer 10

This disorder, also referred to as Korsakoff’s dementia, Korsakoff psychosis, or amnesic-confabulatory syndrome, is a neurological condition resulting from chronic alcohol abuse and severe malnutrition (vitamin B).

Question 11

Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 11

The occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease in the more elderly. One gene thought to be involved in this form of Alzheimer’s disease is the APOE gene.

Question 12

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

Answer 12

A new DSM-5 diagnosis, this involves severe impairment in cognitive functioning that reflects a significant decline from the persons previous level of performance. The problems in cognitive functioning create problems for the person in terms of their ability to perform routine activities.

Question 13

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

Answer 13

A new DSM-5 diagnosis that is characterized by a modest decline in cognitive functioning that does not interfere with the person’s ability to perform the routine tasks.

Question 14

Neurofibrillary Tangles

Answer 14

Twisted and weblike nerve filaments that characterize the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Question 15

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 15

A narrow degenerative disorder characterized by motor problems (rigidity, tremors) and caused by destruction of dopamine neurons in the brain. Second most common neurodegenerative disorder. 75% of people with Parkinson’s disease eventually show signs of dementia.

Question 16

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 16

Loss of memory for events that occurred during a circumscribed. Prior to brain injury or damage.

Question 17

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Answer 17

Brain damage resulting from motor vehicle crashes, bullets, or other objects entering the brain, and other severe impacts to the head.

Question 18

Vascular Dementia

Answer 18

A brain disorder in which a series of small strokes destroying neurons, leading to brain atrophy and behavioral impairments that are similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Question 19

Causes of Dementia

Answer 19

(In order of most common)
Alzheimer's
Stroke
Multiple causes
Parkinson's
Other causes
Brain injury

Question 20

Causes of delerium

Answer 20

Substance intoxication**
Substance withdrawal**
Head injury
High fever
Thiamine vitamin b deficiency 
**most common

Question 21

Treatment of delerium

Answer 21

Neuroleptic medications and benzodiazepines

Question 22

Frontal lobe

Answer 22

Learning
Abstracting
Reasoning
Inhibiting

Question 23

Temporal lobe

Answer 23

Discrimination of sounds

Verbal and speech behavior

Question 24

Occipital lobe

Answer 24

Visual discrimination

Some aspects of visual memory