Chapter 14: Moral Development

Question 1

aggression

Answer 1

behavior aimed at harming or injuring others

Question 2

altruistic motives

Answer 2

helping others for reasons that initially include empathy or sympathy for others and, at later ages, the desire to act in ways consistent with one’s own conscience and moral principles

Question 3

conduct disorder (CD)

Answer 3

a disorder that involves severe antisocial and aggression behaviors that inflict pain on others or involve destruction of property or denial of the rights of others

Question 4

conscience

Answer 4

an internal regulatory mechanism that increases the individual’s ability to conform to standards of conduct accepted in his or her culture

Question 5

instrumental aggression

Answer 5

aggression motivated by the desire to obtain a concrete goal

Question 6

moral judgement

Answer 6

decisions that pertain to issues of right and wrong, fairness, and justice

Question 7

oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

Answer 7

a disorder characterized by age-inappropriate and persistent displays of angry, defiant, and irritable behaviors

Question 8

personal judgements

Answer 8

decisions that refer to actions in which individual preferences are the main consideration

Question 9

proactive aggression

Answer 9

unemotional aggression aimed at fulfilling a need or desire

Question 10

prosocial behavior

Answer 10

voluntary behavior intended to benefit another, such as helping, sharing, and comforting of others

Question 11

reactive aggression

Answer 11

emotionally driven, antagonistic aggression sparked by one’s perception that other people’s motives are hostile

Question 12

social conventional judgements

Answer 12

decisions that pertain to customs or regulations intended to secure social coordination and social organization