Chapter 14: Infection Prevention and Control; Key Terms

Question 1

Airborne Precautions

Answer 1

Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents through the air a person breathes

Question 2

Antibody

Answer 2

Immunoglobulins, essential to the immune system, that are produced by lymphoid tissue in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens

Question 3

Antigen

Answer 3

Substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody

Question 4

Asepsis

Answer 4

Absence of germs or microorganisms

Question 5

Aseptic Technique

Answer 5

Any health care procedure in which added precautions are used to prevent contamination of a person, object, or area by microorganisms

Question 6

Asymptomatic

Answer 6

Clinical signs and symptoms are not present

Question 7

Carriers

Answer 7

Person or animals who harbor and spread an organism that causes disease in others but do not become ill

Question 8

Colonization

Answer 8

The presence and multiplication of microorganisms without tissue invasion or damage

Question 9

Communicable Disease

Answer 9

Any disease that can be transmitted from one person or animal to another by direct or indirect contact or by vectors

Question 10

Contact Precautions

Answer 10

Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of transmission of epidemiologically important microorganisms by direct or indirect contact

Question 11

Disinfection

Answer 11

Process of destroying all pathogenic organisms, except spores

Question 12

Droplet Precautions

Answer 12

Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents

Question 13

Endogenous Infection

Answer 13

Infections produced within a cell or organism

Question 14

Exogenous Infection

Answer 14

Infection originating outside an organ or part

Question 15

Flora

Answer 15

Microorganisms that live on or within a body to compete with disease-producing microorganisms and provide a natural immunity against certain infections

Question 16

Health Care-Acquired Infection (HAI)

Answer 16

An infection that was not present or incubating at the time of admission to a health care setting

Question 17

Immunity

Answer 17

The quality of being insusceptible to or unaffected by a particular disease or condition

Question 18

Infection

Answer 18

The invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms that reproduce and multiply

Question 19

Inflammation

Answer 19

Protective response of body tissues to irritation or injury

Question 20

Inflammatory Response

Answer 20

Protective reaction that neutralizes pathogens and repairs body cells

Question 21

Medical Asepsis

Answer 21

Clean techniques that includes procedures to reduce the number and prevent the spread of microorganisms

Question 22

Microorganisms

Answer 22

Microscopic entities, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, capable of carrying on living processes

Question 23

Necrotic

Answer 23

Of or pertaining to the death of tissue in response to disease or injury

Question 24

Pathogenicity

Answer 24

Ability of a pathogenic agent to produce a disease

Question 25

Pathogens

Answer 25

Microorganisms capable of producing disease

Question 26

Reservoir

Answer 26

A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host

Question 27

Standard Precautions

Answer 27

Guidelines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to reduce the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens in hospitals

Question 28

Sterilization

Answer 28

Technique for destroying microorganisms using heat, water, chemicals, or gases

Question 29

Suprainfection

Answer 29

Secondary infection usually caused by an opportunistic pathogen

Question 30

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 30

Procedures used to eliminate any microorganisms from an area. Also called sterile technique

Question 31

Symptomatic

Answer 31

Pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms

Question 32

Transmission-Based Precautions

Answer 32

Patients with communicable diseases and infections that are easily transmissible to others require special precautions

Question 33

Virulence

Answer 33

The ability of an organism to rapidly produce disease

Question 34

Airborne Precautions

Answer 34

Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents through the air a person breathes

Question 35

Antibody

Answer 35

Immunoglobulins, essential to the immune system, that are produced by lymphoid tissue in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens

Question 36

Antigen

Answer 36

Substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody

Question 37

Asepsis

Answer 37

Absence of germs or microorganisms

Question 38

Aseptic Technique

Answer 38

Any health care procedure in which added precautions are used to prevent contamination of a person, object, or area by microorganisms

Question 39

Asymptomatic

Answer 39

Clinical signs and symptoms are not present

Question 40

Carriers

Answer 40

Person or animals who harbor and spread an organism that causes disease in others but do not become ill

Question 41

Colonization

Answer 41

The presence and multiplication of microorganisms without tissue invasion or damage

Question 42

Communicable Disease

Answer 42

Any disease that can be transmitted from one person or animal to another by direct or indirect contact or by vectors

Question 43

Contact Precautions

Answer 43

Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of transmission of epidemiologically important microorganisms by direct or indirect contact

Question 44

Disinfection

Answer 44

Process of destroying all pathogenic organisms, except spores

Question 45

Droplet Precautions

Answer 45

Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents

Question 46

Endogenous Infection

Answer 46

Infections produced within a cell or organism

Question 47

Exogenous Infection

Answer 47

Infection originating outside an organ or part

Question 48

Flora

Answer 48

Microorganisms that live on or within a body to compete with disease-producing microorganisms and provide a natural immunity against certain infections

Question 49

Health Care-Acquired Infection (HAI)

Answer 49

An infection that was not present or incubating at the time of admission to a health care setting

Question 50

Immunity

Answer 50

The quality of being insusceptible to or unaffected by a particular disease or condition

Question 51

Infection

Answer 51

The invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms that reproduce and multiply

Question 52

Inflammation

Answer 52

Protective response of body tissues to irritation or injury

Question 53

Inflammatory Response

Answer 53

Protective reaction that neutralizes pathogens and repairs body cells

Question 54

Medical Asepsis

Answer 54

Clean techniques that includes procedures to reduce the number and prevent the spread of microorganisms

Question 55

Microorganisms

Answer 55

Microscopic entities, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, capable of carrying on living processes

Question 56

Necrotic

Answer 56

Of or pertaining to the death of tissue in response to disease or injury

Question 57

Pathogenicity

Answer 57

Ability of a pathogenic agent to produce a disease

Question 58

Pathogens

Answer 58

Microorganisms capable of producing disease

Question 59

Reservoir

Answer 59

A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host

Question 60

Standard Precautions

Answer 60

Guidelines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to reduce the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens in hospitals

Question 61

Sterilization

Answer 61

Technique for destroying microorganisms using heat, water, chemicals, or gases

Question 62

Suprainfection

Answer 62

Secondary infection usually caused by an opportunistic pathogen

Question 63

Surgical Asepsis

Answer 63

Procedures used to eliminate any microorganisms from an area. Also called sterile technique

Question 64

Symptomatic

Answer 64

Pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms

Question 65

Transmission-Based Precautions

Answer 65

Patients with communicable diseases and infections that are easily transmissible to others require special precautions

Question 66

Virulence

Answer 66

The ability of an organism to rapidly produce disease