Chapter 14 European Exploration and Conquest 1450-1650 Flashcards
Indian Ocean Trade increased because of
economic growth in China
Marco Polo
- made people want to go to the New World, he and Great Khan grew
gold was from ___ and sold to ___
west africa, north america
genoa sought
slaves from the west after the closing of the black sea
slaves were practiced in
practiced in africa, then europe
most slaves were
girls
slaves were sold in
Western Mediterranean ports
caravel and sternpost rudder
2-3 masted sailing ship, good manuvering for long distances
compass
- brought to west in late middle ages
dead reckoning
- used to determine course of a voyage
celestial reckoning
could determined latitude at sea using a specially designed astrolabe
Prince Henry “The Navigator”
- supported Portuguese voyages, marked the beginning of European overseas expansion
- found first African commercial settlement
Pope Nicholas V
Catholic, gave Portugal the rights to enslave non-Christians
What did the Portuguese want in Africa?
- wanted quick money instead of establishing settlements to control lives, just inserted selves into pre-existing trade systems
Vasco da Gama
- rounded the Cape
- arab guide helped him
- went to lisbon with spices, proving he traded with the cape route
Columbus was from
Genoa
Columbus was convinced that
he was going to pass islands of Japan and land in the east coast of China
Christopher liked that the Taino people had
gold
Amerigo Vespucci
Florentine navigator who wrote Mundus Novus, the first document to describe America separate from Asia
Spain had conflicts with
Portugal
Treaty of Tordesillas
- spain: west
- portugal: east
in favor of portuguese, had Africa so brought slavery
Pedro Alvares Cabral
expedition on coast of Brazil
Ferdinand Magellan
sent by Charles V to find a sea roue to spices of Southeast Asia, named the Pacific Ocean. Was not pacific. Magellan inspired Spain to focus on exploiting New World Territories.
Jan Hus (ref)
criticized Catholic church
northern european nations competed for a
northwest passage to the Indies
John Cabot
1497 Venetian merchant in London, got support to find said nw passage to Indies, did not find
Martin Frobisher
did not find gold or silver
french crown tried to also find a
westward passage to Asia
Jacques Cartier
- “la chine”
- were unsuccessfu, but traded furs w Canada
northern europeans took the
northern american atlantic coastline
Hernan Cortes and fall of Aztec Empire
- attacked Aztec Empire under Emperor Moctezuma II’s rule
- spain and tlaxcala allied against the Aztec empire, Tenochtitlan falls
Francisco Pizarro and the fall of the Incas
- incas were already weak due to civil war and smallpox
- was a Christian conquistador
- established division and political weakness
portuguese established new form of colonization
- large plantations by enslaved people
powhatan confederacy
hated the colony of virginia, composed of native americans
English vs Spain beliefs
England: only hugged Atlantic coastline, didn’t want indigenous people to be associated with them
Spain: conquered indigenous empires and forced population groups to be lin labor systems and pay tribute
Charles I New Laws
- limited encomienda holders’ violence
- if you were indigenous, Christian, and accepted Spanish rule, you were a free subject
why did transatlantic slave trade occur?
need for laborers
english colonies were
less likely to free children from slavery if they fathered with females
slaves died from
- dysentery
- crowding
- lack of hygiene
dutch and portugal
spice war
