Chapter 14 - Brain

Question 1

composed of neurosomas, dendrites, & synapses

Answer 1

gray matter

Question 2

the cortex of the cerebrum and the cerebellum is made of :

Answer 2

gray matter

Question 3

composed of myelinated axons

Answer 3

white matter

Question 4

the area deep to the the cortex of the cerebrum and the tracts of the spinal cord are made of:

Answer 4

white matter

Question 5

layer of a developing embryo that the CNS originates

Answer 5

ectodermal layer

Question 6

neural tube detached from the overlaying ectoderm and becomes:

Answer 6

the central canal

Question 7

3 anterior expansions of the neural tube at 4 weeks:

Answer 7

forebrain, midbrain, & hindbrain

Question 8

prosencephalon

Answer 8

forebrain

Question 9

mesencephalon

Answer 9

midbrain

Question 10

rhombencephalon

Answer 10

hindbrain

Question 11

forebrain divides into:

Answer 11

telencephalon & diencephalon

Question 12

hindbrain divides into:

Answer 12

metencephalon & myelencephalon

Question 13

diencephalon develops into:

Answer 13

thalamus & hypothalamus

Question 14

telencephalon develops into:

Answer 14

cerebral hemisphere

Question 15

metencephalon develops into:

Answer 15

pons & cerebellum

Question 16

myelencephalon develops into:

Answer 16

medulla oblongata

Question 17

meningeal layers of the brain (superficial to deep)

Answer 17

dura mater, arachnoid mater, & pia mater

Question 18

an inward fold of the dura mater that separates the right & left cerebral hemispheres

Answer 18

falx cerebri

Question 19

an inward fold of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the posterior cerebral hemispheres

Answer 19

tentorium cerebelli

Question 20

an inward fold of the dura mater that separates the right & left halves of the cerebellum

Answer 20

falx cerebelli

Question 21

2 layers of the dura mater

Answer 21

periosteal layer & meningeal layer

Question 22

largest cerebral blood layers are found in the:

Answer 22

subarachnoid space

Question 23

4 ventricles of the brain:

Answer 23

2 lateral ventricle
third ventricle
fourth ventricle

Question 24

C shaped ventricle, one found in each hemisphere

Answer 24

lateral ventricle

Question 25

located inferior to corpus callosum, thalamus forms walls

Answer 25

third ventricle

Question 26

connected to the third ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct, between the pons and cerebellum

Answer 26

fourth ventricle

Question 27

mass of blood capillaries in a ventricle

Answer 27

choroid plexus

Question 28

CSF production: 30%________ 30%________ 40%________

Answer 28

30 - choroid plexus 30 - ependymal cells 40 - subarachnoid space

Question 29

CSF formed through:

Answer 29

filtration of plasma

Question 30

CSF flows through the ______ passages & around the brain in the _______ space.

Answer 30

ventricular - subarachnoid

Question 31

CSF - hydrostatic pressure due to:

Answer 31

continuous production

Question 32

CSF moves from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle through the:

Answer 32

interventricular foramina

Question 33

CSF moves from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th through the:

Answer 33

cerebral aqueduct

Question 34

3 pores in the 4th ventricle open into the:

Answer 34

subarachnoid space

Question 35

location of pores in the 4th ventricle

Answer 35

1 median pore | 2 lateral pores

Question 36

_____ ______ extend through the dura mater into the superior sagittal sinus

Answer 36

arachnoid granulations

Question 37

functions of CSF

Answer 37

buoyancy, protection, & chemical stability

Question 38

brain receives __% of blood flow

Answer 38

15

Question 39

Brain consumes __% of oxygen and glucose

Answer 39

20

Question 40

loss of consciousness happens in:

Answer 40

10 sec w/o blood supply

Question 41

impairment of neuron damage happens in:

Answer 41

1-2 min w/o blood supply

Question 42

permanent neuron damage happens in:

Answer 42

4 min w/o blood supply

Question 43

spaces between endothelial cells are sealed by:

Answer 43

astrocyte feet

Question 44

blood-CSF barrier formed by:

Answer 44

tight junctions between ependymal cells

Question 45

substances that easily pass from blood to brain:

Answer 45

``` O2 & CO2 alcohol caffeine nicotine anesthetic drugs ```

Question 46

substances the pass less easily from blood to brain:

Answer 46

electrolytes & waste products (urea and creatine)

Question 47

3 structures developed from the diencephalon:

Answer 47

thalamus, hypothalamus, & epithalamus