Chapter 14 - Brain Flashcards
composed of neurosomas, dendrites, & synapses
gray matter
the cortex of the cerebrum and the cerebellum is made of :
gray matter
composed of myelinated axons
white matter
the area deep to the the cortex of the cerebrum and the tracts of the spinal cord are made of:
white matter
layer of a developing embryo that the CNS originates
ectodermal layer
neural tube detached from the overlaying ectoderm and becomes:
the central canal
3 anterior expansions of the neural tube at 4 weeks:
forebrain, midbrain, & hindbrain
prosencephalon
forebrain
mesencephalon
midbrain
rhombencephalon
hindbrain
forebrain divides into:
telencephalon & diencephalon
hindbrain divides into:
metencephalon & myelencephalon
diencephalon develops into:
thalamus & hypothalamus
telencephalon develops into:
cerebral hemisphere
metencephalon develops into:
pons & cerebellum
myelencephalon develops into:
medulla oblongata
meningeal layers of the brain (superficial to deep)
dura mater, arachnoid mater, & pia mater
an inward fold of the dura mater that separates the right & left cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebri
an inward fold of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the posterior cerebral hemispheres
tentorium cerebelli
an inward fold of the dura mater that separates the right & left halves of the cerebellum
falx cerebelli
2 layers of the dura mater
periosteal layer & meningeal layer
largest cerebral blood layers are found in the:
subarachnoid space
4 ventricles of the brain:
2 lateral ventricle
third ventricle
fourth ventricle
C shaped ventricle, one found in each hemisphere
lateral ventricle
located inferior to corpus callosum, thalamus forms walls
third ventricle
connected to the third ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct, between the pons and cerebellum
fourth ventricle
mass of blood capillaries in a ventricle
choroid plexus
CSF production:
30%________
30%________
40%________
30 - choroid plexus
30 - ependymal cells
40 - subarachnoid space
CSF formed through:
filtration of plasma
CSF flows through the ______ passages & around the brain in the _______ space.
ventricular - subarachnoid
CSF - hydrostatic pressure due to:
continuous production
CSF moves from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle through the:
interventricular foramina
CSF moves from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th through the:
cerebral aqueduct
3 pores in the 4th ventricle open into the:
subarachnoid space
location of pores in the 4th ventricle
1 median pore
2 lateral pores
_____ ______ extend through the dura mater into the superior sagittal sinus
arachnoid granulations
functions of CSF
buoyancy, protection, & chemical stability
brain receives __% of blood flow
15
Brain consumes __% of oxygen and glucose
20
loss of consciousness happens in:
10 sec w/o blood supply
impairment of neuron damage happens in:
1-2 min w/o blood supply
permanent neuron damage happens in:
4 min w/o blood supply
spaces between endothelial cells are sealed by:
astrocyte feet
blood-CSF barrier formed by:
tight junctions between ependymal cells
substances that easily pass from blood to brain:
O2 & CO2 alcohol caffeine nicotine anesthetic drugs
substances the pass less easily from blood to brain:
electrolytes & waste products (urea and creatine)
3 structures developed from the diencephalon:
thalamus, hypothalamus, & epithalamus
