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BIO 201 > Chapter 12 Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Nervous Tissue Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 systems for maintaining internal communication

A

endocrine system & nervous system

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2
Q

Function of the endocrine system

A

releases hormones into the blood -

target cells respond

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3
Q

Function of the nervous system

A

immediate messages from cell to cell -

by way of electrical impulses and chemical transmitters

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4
Q

2 main parts of the nervous system

A

central nervous system & peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

CNS contains:

A

brain & spinal cord

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6
Q

PNS contains:

A

nerves & ganglia (outside CNS)

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7
Q

bundle of fibers (axons) wrapped in fibrous connective tissue

A

nerve

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8
Q

knot-like swelling in a nerve where cell bodies are concentrated

A

ganglion

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9
Q

PNS divisions:

A

sensory & motor

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10
Q

carries signals from various receptors

A

PNS sensory division

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11
Q

carries signals from the CNS mainly to gland and muscle

A

PNS motor division

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12
Q

carries signals from receptors in the skin, muscles, bones, and joints

A

somatic sensory (PNS)

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13
Q

carries signals from receptors in the viscera of the thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity

A

visceral sensory (PNS)

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14
Q

carries signals to skeletal muscle

movements are voluntary

A

somatic motor (PNS)

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15
Q

carries signals to glands, heart, & smooth muscle

actions are involuntary

A

visceral motor (PNS)

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16
Q

ANS

A

autonomic nervous system

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17
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

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18
Q

visceral reflexes

A

responses of the ANS

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19
Q

ANS is divided into:

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic

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20
Q

example of response triggered by the sympathetic nervous system

A

increasing heart rate & respiratory airflow

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21
Q

example of responses triggered by the parasympathetic nervous system

A

reduced heart rate

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22
Q

actions tend to arouse the body for action

A

sympathetic ANS

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23
Q

tends to have calming effect

A

parasympathetic ANS

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24
Q

nerve cells are called:

A

neurons

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25
Q

properties of neurons

A

excitability, conductivity, & secretion

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26
Q

functional classes of neurons

A

sensory, interneurons, & motor

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27
Q

type of neuron that is specialized to detect stimuli; light, sound, heat, pressure, & chemicals

A

sensory neuron

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28
Q

when triggered, transmits impulses to the CNS

A

sensory neuron

29
Q

type of neuron that is within the CNS, receives impulses from other neurons and integrates them, directs outgoing impulses to specific ares

A

interneurons

30
Q

type of neuron that sends signals to efferent organs, away from the CNS

A

motor neuron

31
Q

center of the neuron

A

Neurosoma

also: soma, cell body, perikaryon

32
Q

neurons cannot divide or progress through the cell cycle because the lack:

A

centrioles

33
Q

branches from the soma, site for receiving signals from other neurons, receive and transmit to the soma,

A

dendrites

34
Q

begins at axon hilock, tubular, unbranched, axon collateral at distal end

A

axon

35
Q

fine branches at the end of the axon

A

terminal arborization

36
Q

cytoplasm equivalent in the axon

A

axoplasm

37
Q

cell membrane equivalent of the axon

A

axolemma

38
Q

multipolar neurons have:

A

multiple dendrites, one axon

39
Q

most brain & spinal cord neurons are:

A

multipolar

40
Q

bipolar neurons have:

A

one axon, one dendrite

41
Q

neurons of the olfactory system and retina (light transmission) are:

A

bipolar

42
Q

unipolar neurons have:

A

one process away from the soma (T shaped)

43
Q

describe material transport in regard to the axon

A

materials must be transported to and away from the soma

44
Q

movement toward (down) the axon terminal

A

anterograde transport

45
Q

movement toward the soma

A

retrograde transport

46
Q

nervous tissue cells that support neurons

A

neuroglia (glial cells)

47
Q

cover entire surface of cell not involved in impulse propagation or synaptic transmission

A

glial cells

48
Q

6 types of supportive nervous tissue cells

A 
oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells
microglia
astrocytes
Schwann cells
satellite cells
49
Q

support cells only in the PNS

A

Schwann cells & satellite cells

50
Q

projections of flat membrane sheet wrap around axons

A

oligodendrocytes

51
Q

line internal cavities of the CNS, produce CSF

A

ependymal cells

52
Q

small macrophages, aid in CNS immune function, indicate tissue injury

A

microglia

53
Q

most abundant glial cell, covers brain surface, perivascular feet, contact blood vessels, converts glucose to lactate, regulates blood vessel diameter, regulates electrolyte concentrations

A

astrocytes

54
Q

scar tissue formed by astrocytes

A

astrocytes (sclerosis)

55
Q

wrap axons of peripheral nerves, create myelin sheaths in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

56
Q

surround soma in ganglia, provide electrical insulation, regulate chemical environment of ganglionic neurons

A

satellite cells

57
Q

spiral layer of insulation around a nerve fiber

A

myelin

58
Q

production of myelin

A

myelination

59
Q

centrifugal myelination

A

process in PNS

60
Q

centripetal myelination

A

process in CNS

61
Q

myelin sheath gaps

A

nodes of Ranvier

62
Q

the axon segment continuous with the soma

A

trigger zone

63
Q

2 factors that determine conduction speed

A

diameter & presence or absence of myelin

64
Q

large fibers with ______ axolemma surface area conduct impulses _______

A

more - faster

65
Q

small fibers with ______ axolemma surface area conduct impulses _______

A

less - slower

66
Q

unmyelinated axons transmit impulses ________

faster or slower

A

faster

67
Q

myelinated axons transmit impulses ________

faster or slower

A

slower

68
Q

meaningful patterns of action potential

A

neural coding

69
Q

receptors that recognized a specific stimulus all lead to neurons in a specific part of the brain

A

labeled line code

BIO 201 (9 decks)

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