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BIO 201 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define anatomy

A

The study of form

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2
Q

Four examples of how inspection is the basis of the field of anatomy

A

Similarities in other species
Cadavers
Living humans including surgery
Use of imaging technology

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3
Q

Cytology

A

Individualized cells

Need microscope

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4
Q

Histology

A

Different tissue layers

Need a microscope

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5
Q

Define physiology

A

Study of function

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6
Q

What is the basis for physiology?

A

Experimentation

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7
Q

What type of physiology is the use of animal experimentation to understand human physiology?

A

Comparative

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8
Q

What is using a stethoscope scope to hear internal sounds called?

A

Auscultation

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9
Q

What is using the hands to inspect the body called?

A

Palpation

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10
Q

Define dissection

A

Cutting into structures of a human cadaver or animal to inspect 3-D relationships

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11
Q

Use of radiation detection to create an image is called what?

A

Radiology

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12
Q

The difference between a plain radiograph and CT image

A

Plain radiograph – 2D

CT - 3D

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13
Q

Difference between a PET scan image and an MRI image

A

PET - radioactive substance is injected, metabolism differences detected
MRI - magnet is used, soft tissues are imaged best

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14
Q

Father of medicine, ethics code for physicians

A

Hippocrates

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15
Q

First to publish anatomy and physiology works, comparative physiology

A

Aristotle

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16
Q

Physician to Roman gladiators, wrote books based on observations of wounds in living athletes

A

Claudius Galen

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17
Q

Jewish physician, wrote 10 medical books

A

Moses Ben Maimon

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18
Q

Muslim, studied Galen and Aristotle, wrote the canon of medicine

A

Avicenna

19
Q

Professor, cadaver dissection to correct texts, wrote first atlas of anatomy

A

Andreas Vesalius

20
Q

Physiology, motion of the heart

A

William Harvey

21
Q

Recognized that blood must circulate continuously from the heart and then back to the heart

A

Michael Servetus

22
Q

Optics and microscope’s, reviewed and shared observations of various biological samples

A

Robert Hooke & Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

23
Q

Used improved microscope‘s to determine that all living organisms are made of cells
Determined that the cell was the smallest living unit of an organism

A

Matthias Schleiden & Theodor Schwann

24
Q

Difference between the independent and dependent variables on a graph

A

Independent - what the experimenter manipulates (x-axis)

Dependent- The change that is measured (y-axis)

25
Q

How is the data generated from a control group used to reject the hypothesis of a physiology experiment?

A

If the control group changes

If the change is not what was expected

26
Q

Why is repeating an experiment many times important for determining the importance and meaning of the experimental results?

A

To ensure the consistency and accuracy of the results

CONFIDENCE

27
Q

Order of structural complexity of the human body

A 
Atoms
Molecule
Organelles
Cells
Tissue layers
Organs 
Organ systems
Organism
28
Q

Define metabolism

A

Sum of all internal chemical change

29
Q

Define homeostasis

A

The body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and in this way maintain a relatively stable internal environment

30
Q

Define dynamic equilibrium

A

Balanced change

Multiple changes balance the body

31
Q

What do feedback loops maintain

A

Dynamic equilibrium

32
Q

Information comes in, decide to do something about it, action is taken, condition returns to normal

A

Negative feedback loop

33
Q

Which type of feedback loop is self amplifying?

A

Positive feedback loop

Blood clotting, childbirth

34
Q

Information comes in, affect turned on, affect turned higher and higher

A

Positive feedback loop

35
Q

What type of feedback loop are most functions?

A

Negative feedback loop

36
Q

What does it mean to move down the concentration gradient?

A

Move from high concentration to low concentration

No energy required

37
Q

Which type of gradient change requires the use of cellular energy?

A

Moving up or against

38
Q

Which type of gradient change occurs without the use of cellular energy?

A

Moving from high to low or down

39
Q

How are gradients controlled in cells?

A

Membrane channels

40
Q

The language used as the root of 90% of anatomical terms are which language?

A

Latin

41
Q

Define eponym

A

Terms derived from a persons name

42
Q

Termanologia Anatomica has been working to do what with eponyms?

A

Discourage use of eponyms

43
Q

What is an acronym?

A

Using the first letter of each word in a name

ATM

BIO 201 (9 decks)

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