Chapter 1

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

The study of form

Question 2

Four examples of how inspection is the basis of the field of anatomy

Answer 2

Similarities in other species
Cadavers
Living humans including surgery
Use of imaging technology

Question 3

Cytology

Answer 3

Individualized cells

Need microscope

Question 4

Histology

Answer 4

Different tissue layers

Need a microscope

Question 5

Define physiology

Answer 5

Study of function

Question 6

What is the basis for physiology?

Answer 6

Experimentation

Question 7

What type of physiology is the use of animal experimentation to understand human physiology?

Answer 7

Comparative

Question 8

What is using a stethoscope scope to hear internal sounds called?

Answer 8

Auscultation

Question 9

What is using the hands to inspect the body called?

Answer 9

Palpation

Question 10

Define dissection

Answer 10

Cutting into structures of a human cadaver or animal to inspect 3-D relationships

Question 11

Use of radiation detection to create an image is called what?

Answer 11

Radiology

Question 12

The difference between a plain radiograph and CT image

Answer 12

Plain radiograph – 2D

CT - 3D

Question 13

Difference between a PET scan image and an MRI image

Answer 13

PET - radioactive substance is injected, metabolism differences detected
MRI - magnet is used, soft tissues are imaged best

Question 14

Father of medicine, ethics code for physicians

Answer 14

Hippocrates

Question 15

First to publish anatomy and physiology works, comparative physiology

Answer 15

Aristotle

Question 16

Physician to Roman gladiators, wrote books based on observations of wounds in living athletes

Answer 16

Claudius Galen

Question 17

Jewish physician, wrote 10 medical books

Answer 17

Moses Ben Maimon

Question 18

Muslim, studied Galen and Aristotle, wrote the canon of medicine

Answer 18

Avicenna

Question 19

Professor, cadaver dissection to correct texts, wrote first atlas of anatomy

Answer 19

Andreas Vesalius

Question 20

Physiology, motion of the heart

Answer 20

William Harvey

Question 21

Recognized that blood must circulate continuously from the heart and then back to the heart

Answer 21

Michael Servetus

Question 22

Optics and microscope’s, reviewed and shared observations of various biological samples

Answer 22

Robert Hooke & Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 23

Used improved microscope‘s to determine that all living organisms are made of cells
Determined that the cell was the smallest living unit of an organism

Answer 23

Matthias Schleiden & Theodor Schwann

Question 24

Difference between the independent and dependent variables on a graph

Answer 24

Independent - what the experimenter manipulates (x-axis)

Dependent- The change that is measured (y-axis)

Question 25

How is the data generated from a control group used to reject the hypothesis of a physiology experiment?

Answer 25

If the control group changes | If the change is not what was expected

Question 26

Why is repeating an experiment many times important for determining the importance and meaning of the experimental results?

Answer 26

To ensure the consistency and accuracy of the results | CONFIDENCE

Question 27

Order of structural complexity of the human body

Answer 27

``` Atoms Molecule Organelles Cells Tissue layers Organs Organ systems Organism ```

Question 28

Define metabolism

Answer 28

Sum of all internal chemical change

Question 29

Define homeostasis

Answer 29

The body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and in this way maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Question 30

Define dynamic equilibrium

Answer 30

Balanced change | Multiple changes balance the body

Question 31

What do feedback loops maintain

Answer 31

Dynamic equilibrium

Question 32

Information comes in, decide to do something about it, action is taken, condition returns to normal

Answer 32

Negative feedback loop

Question 33

Which type of feedback loop is self amplifying?

Answer 33

Positive feedback loop | Blood clotting, childbirth

Question 34

Information comes in, affect turned on, affect turned higher and higher

Answer 34

Positive feedback loop

Question 35

What type of feedback loop are most functions?

Answer 35

Negative feedback loop

Question 36

What does it mean to move down the concentration gradient?

Answer 36

Move from high concentration to low concentration | No energy required

Question 37

Which type of gradient change requires the use of cellular energy?

Answer 37

Moving up or against

Question 38

Which type of gradient change occurs without the use of cellular energy?

Answer 38

Moving from high to low or down

Question 39

How are gradients controlled in cells?

Answer 39

Membrane channels

Question 40

The language used as the root of 90% of anatomical terms are which language?

Answer 40

Latin

Question 41

Define eponym

Answer 41

Terms derived from a persons name

Question 42

Termanologia Anatomica has been working to do what with eponyms?

Answer 42

Discourage use of eponyms

Question 43

What is an acronym?

Answer 43

Using the first letter of each word in a name ATM