Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Chapter 14: Attitudes, Prejudice And Discrimination > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Attitudes, Prejudice And Discrimination Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
0
Q

To whom is Prejudice directed to?

A
  • Identifiable group
  • Identifiable member of a group
  • NOT an isolated individual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is prejudice?

A

An unfavourable or negative attitude towards a group of people based on insufficient or incorrect information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is discrimination?

A

The action that expresses the attitude of prejudice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prejudicial behaviour is:

A
  • Antisocial behaviour causing stress and tension between groups
  • Causes harm to the victims
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Moderation and prevention of prejudicial behaviour can be achieved by:

A

Understanding why people are prejudiced and the formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is prejudice and discrimination different?

A
  • Prejudice is a feeling whereas attitude is an action
  • E.g La Pierre’s study (1934) Many restaurant owners were prejudiced against Chinese people but very few showed discrimination by refusing them service
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the cognitive component of Prejudice?

A
  • Categorisation of people
  • Beliefs about the people
    -Stereotyping
    Eg. Negative beliefs about elderly people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the affective component of Prejudice?

A
  • Feelings that are friendly or hostile towards group of people
  • Eg. A strong feeling of dislike towards the elderly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The behavioural component of Prejudice is:

A

Discrimination- the behaviour towards a group of people

Eg. Discriminating against elderly person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of Prejudice:

A
  • Sexism (gender)
  • Racism (race)
  • Ageism (Age)
  • Homophobia (Sexual preference)
  • Disability ( Physical/ intellectual ability)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of Discrimination:

A
  • Reluctance to help
  • Tokenism
  • Reverse discrimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is RELUCTANCE TO HELP?

A
  • Reluctance to help other groups to improve their position in society by passively or actively declining to assist their efforts
  • Eg. Inadequate facilities for physically disabled employees in a workplace
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is TOKENISM?

A
  • Publicly giving trivial assistance to a minority group on order to avoid accusations of prejudice and discrimination
  • Eg. Employing one woman in mainly a male organisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is REVERSE DISCRIMINATION?

A
  • Publicly being prejudiced IN FAVOUR of a minority group in order to deflect accusation of prejudice and discrimination
  • Eg. Making a company policy to employ a percentage of minority group members where they are singled out and treated differently
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Effects of prejudice and discrimination is:

A
  • Low self-esteem caused by insults, denial of equality, violence
  • Disadvantage/failure caused by denial of resources necessary for success
  • Self-fulfilling prophecies where original expectations of people are met by the person by changing their interaction with group members and modifying behaviour
  • Violence and genocide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is prejudice formed and maintained?

A
  • Through Learning
  • Competition
  • Psychological processes:
  • Intergroup conflict
  • Threat to social identity
  • Social and cultural grouping
  • Stigmatising
  • Stereotyping
  • Scapegoating
16
Q

Learning in the formation of prejudice is through:

A
  • Operant conditioning
  • Observational learning
  • Parents and Peers
  • Media
17
Q

What is the COMPETITION component in forming prejudice?

A
  • Competition occurs between social groups when there is scarce resources
  • Competitive environment= development of prejudice towards rivals
  • eg. Immigrants experience prejudice from people already living in country due to competition for jobs, higher economic status etc.
18
Q

What is the INTERGROUP CONFLICT component in forming prejudice? When does it occur?

A
  • With the existence of groups: In group and out group
  • Competition between groups for scarce resources
  • Eg. Certain ethnic group perceive themselves as being in the in-group because they think they possess superior intellectual/physical qualities to other ethnic groups (out group)
19
Q

What is the THREATENING OF SOCIAL IDENTITY component in forming prejudice?

A
  • People categorise themselves into a group and gain individual identity by belonging to the group
  • Group membership= enhanced self-esteem
  • Prejudice forms when you need to protect your self-esteem because it is being ‘attacked’
  • Eg. Bullying members of the out group
20
Q

What is social categorisation?

A
  • Classification of people into groups based on characteristics that we perceive them to have in common
  • Organising information about them Eg. Use of labels
  • Social Categories= Stereotypes
  • Assuming all members of the group are the same
21
Q

Stereotypes are based on:

A
  • appearance
  • gender
  • ethnicity
  • race
  • physical ability
  • disability & age
  • culture and so forth
22
Q

What is a stereotype?

A

A simplified and generalised belief about a group of people

23
Q

What are the functions of stereotypes?

A
  • Help organise knowledge of people quickly but result but are difficult to change
24
Q

Stereotypes are:

A
  • Highly subjective: The person only sees what they want to see/expected to see
  • Perpetuated through Bias: positive aspects of group members explained for reasons over the good qualities of minority groups
25
Q

What is stigmatising?

A
  • When a group of individuals are perceived by others to possess qualities that are undesirable and are therefore rejected/ignored
  • Eg. Homeless people
  • Stigma= Negative label for members of group who possess set of qualities that society deem undesirable
26
Q

What is scapegoating?

A
  • Frustration-aggression theory where scapegoats are formed due to prevailing social circumstances (unemployment, $ depression)
  • SCAPE GOAT= usually minority out-group who are blamed and physically verbally abused
27
Q

How can prejudice be prevented or reduced?

A
  • Education
  • Intergroup contact
  • Cognitive interventions
  • Superordinate goals &Direct experience
28
Q

What is the EDUCATION component in reducing prejudice?

A

Consequences of prejudice and what makes up discrimination is taught through education programs

29
Q

What is the INTERGROUP CONTACT component in reducing prejudice?

A
  • Direct contact between groups who have prejudicial attitudes towards one another with the aid of
  • SUSTAINED CONTACT (interpersonal interactions)
  • MUTUAL INDEPENDENCE (cooperative activities), & EQUAL STATUS between groups
  • Social norms favouring reduction of prejudice
30
Q

What is the COGNITIVE INTERVENTION component in reducing prejudice?

A

Using cognition to reduce stereotypes

Eg providing information to individuals to reduce irrelevant information about groups of people

31
Q

What is the SUPERORDINATE GOALS component in reducing prejudice?

A
  • Working towards a common goal that can facilitate knowledge and understanding between groups
  • It must be shared and have both group’s contribution
32
Q

What is the DIRECT EXPERIENCE component in reducing prejudice?

A

Experiencing another culture or lifestyle in or out of your country to gain better knowledge and understanding thus reduce ignorance towards a group

Psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions