Ch 17- describing intelligence Flashcards
What are the three approaches/theories to intelliegences?
- PSYCHOMETRIC - SYSTEMS - EMOTIONAL
Psychometric Approach sees….
Intelligence as a map of the mind, focusses on the MEASUREMENT of psychological ABILITIES & CHARACTERISTICS
What is factor analysis in the psychometric approach?
statistical method that is based on correlation e.g. researchers use it to identify the different aspects of intelligence
Steps to factor analysis are:
1) Large numer of people sit range of Integelligence tests 2) Correlations between tests are examines 3) Factors are created based on positively corelated test = new aspect of intelligence
Factor analysis advantages:
Helps us SEPERATE SPECIFIC abilities we think influnece intelligence Create test that meaure abilities Explains why there are individual differences w/ intelligenc
CHC model is an aggregate of what three theories?
1) Cattel-Horn’s GF/GC theory 2) Carroll’s three stratum theory 3) Theory of intelligence
1) Cattel-Horns theory
TWO STRATUMS -10 broad cognitive abilities -69 narrow cognitive abilities
Fluid intelligence is..
(BIOLOGICALLY BASED) asseses… -problem solving ability/ solving new or unusual problems - depends minimally on acquired skills - Memory -Reasoning - Information Processing speed
Crystalised intelligence is..
-Acquired skills and knowledge - Measured through vocabulary and general knowledge
2) Carroll’s three stratum theory
- THREE STATUMS -Top level of general intelligence added ‘G’ - G influences other abilities -Eight other abilities -69 narrow abilities
MRI Study on twins show that…
There is a relationship between brain size, intelligence and GENES Therefore brain structure is heritable
Neuroimaging involves…
Measuring brain activity while participants are performing an intelligence test Eg PET scans show increased activity in a specific regions of the brain for intellectually challenging tasks e.g Tetris Eg Less glucose whilst problemsoving - learning to use brain more effectively
Critique of the biological approach to intelligence:
- health of individual must be taken into account - mist take i to consideration the environment in which the individual lives in - not effective when biological model used in isolation
Contextual model of intelligence is:
Intelligence formed according to the culture of an individual adapting to environment and custom E.g. Indigenous australians highly value hunting and gathering E.g. Suburban Australians highly value academic performance
True or False each culture has there own idea of what it means to be clever
TRUE
Systems model of intelligence…
Attempts to combine the psychometric, biological and contextual approaches to develop a model that embraces all aspects of intelligence.
How is the systems approach different to the psychometric/ biological approach?
-broadens definition of intelligence to include a range of types of abilities -Not dependent on dependent upon language use and understanding -attempts to help understand how intelligence functions as a system
Who are the people Involved in the systems Approach and their theories?
- Gardner (Multiple Intelligence theory)
- Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence
- Salovey and Meyer Ability based model of emotional intelligence
In Gardners theory of Multiple intelligence he proposed/beleived that….
- There was more than one kind of intellignece but many
*
What are the kinds of intelligence?
- Linguistic
- Logical-Mathematical
- Musical
- Spatial
- Bodily-kinaesthtic
- Naturalistic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
Gardner suggests that…
What is the linguistic intelligence?
What is the logical mathematical intelligence?
Ability to…
appreciate and use numerical, abstract, and logical reasoning to solve problems
What is the musical intelligence?
Ability to…
create, communicate and understand meanings made with sound
**e.g. Singing, playing,composing music **
What is spatial intelligence?
Ability to…
percive, modify and transform and create visual or spatial images
**e.g. Architecture, scultpure, reading a map, packing suitcase, puzzles, getting from one place to another. **
What is the Bodily Kinaesthetic ingelligence?
Ability to…
use or part of ones body to solve problems or make something
**e.g. Athletes, dancers, craftspeople **
What is the naturalistic intelligence?
Ability to…
recognise, classify, objects in the natural environment
**e.g. Knowledge of plants and animals **
What is the **intrapersonal **intelligence?
Ability to..
Undertsand oneself- emotions, desires, strengths and weaknesses
**e.g. Self control, self undertanding, ability to accurately describe oneself to those who know one well **
What is interpersonal intelligence?
Ability to…
Recognise, appreciate and dispute feelings, beliefs and intentions of other people
e.g. Rleating to other people and their behaviour, motives, or emptions, necessary teachers and leaders.
What are the critiques of Gardners theory?
LIMITATION
- The types of intelligneces identified seem to corelste with one another therefore there might just be different types of the same thing
- There is no standard measuring technique for assesment of different intelligences
ADVANTAGES
- credits people for having different kind of intelligence
What does Sternberg’s model of intelligence suggest about intelligence?
- Intellignece works together as indicated by the triarcharchic theory that attempts to provide a clear picture of overall ability
- looks at intelligences weaknesses and strengths
- we can be book or street smart or vice versa.
What does Sternberg’s model of intelligence say about intelligence?
- Intelligence is NOTseperate, they work together
- g is only one aspect of intelligence
- People use interelated kinds of thinking
- People with learning disability are not only limited ti ibe aspect of learning
What are the three components of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?
- Analytical
- Practical
- Creative
Explain the ANALYTICAL component of the triarchy theory of intelligence
The cognitive processes that are necessary for itnelligent behaviour
- analysis
- comparison
- evaluatuon
- planning
- problem solving
- strategy
e. g. perfomring traditional academic test such as IQ test, a maths equation etc.
Explain the CREATIVE component of the triarchy theory of intelligence
Involves dealing with new tasks, demands and situations (i_nventing, designing_) by drawing on existing knowledge and skills
e.g. finding soloutions to how many ways could you empty an overflowing car without a bucket?
Explain the PRACTICAL component of the triarchy theory of intelligence
Involves taking action, doing something, applying intelligence to a real situation, or everyday context
The application of knowledge to practical tasks, using tool, practical acitivity by drawing on existing knowledge and skills.
e.g. Getting lost in city and having to navigate oneself without a phone GPS.
According to Sternberg what is successful intelligence?
Ability to…
_ acheive_ success according to their own defintion of success. Their ability to capitalise on their strengths and idenitfy, correct, compensate for their weaknesses to shape their environments.
What is the critique to Sternberg’s theory of intelligence?
Adavantage
- It is a broader approach to intelligence beyond mere cognitive abilities
- Acknowledges person can be street smart but not acadmeic
Limitation
- Difficult to create a test to measure all areas of intelligences
- Different forms of intelligene may overlap
- Different aspects of the same thing
The emotional intelligence model sees that…
Emotions are valuable sources of information that can help people operate in social context.
Involves:
- Recognising emotion
- Understanding emotion
- Managing emotion in others and ourselves
True or false. Emotional intelligence is based on Peter Salovey and John Mayer’s ability-based model of EI?
TRUE
What is emotional intelligence (EI)?
Ability to…
Recognise the meaning of emotion and their relationships and to reason and problem solve on the basis of emotions
What are the four components of Salovey and Meyer’s EI model?
- Perceiving emtotions
- Facilitating emotions
- Understanding emotions
- Managing emotions
Describe the ability to PERCIEVE emotion?
Ability to..
perceive emotions in oneself and others as well as in objects, art, stories, music and other stimuli using psycholical and physiological signals
e.g. reading non-verbal/verbal body language
Describe the ability to FACILITATE thought
Ability to..
generate, use and feel emotion as necessary to communicate feelings or employ them in other cognitive processes
Can assist thinking
e.g. Reachig understanding why someone did or say something by considering the emotions involved.
Describe the ability to MANAGE emotion
Ability to…
To understand emotional information and how emotions combine and progress through relationship transitions, and to appreciate such emotional meanings
Describe the ability to UNDERSTANDING emotions
Ability to…
Be open to feelings and to modulate them in oneself and others so as to promote personal growth and understanding.
e.g. Dealing with someone’s emotion and knowing what to say and do.
What is the critique to the emotional intelligence approach?
Limitations
- Just a part of general intelligence
- EI is a skill rather than intelligence
- Developed by mainly self report methods
- No rigorous operational defintions making it hard to validate in numerical research
Advantages
- Useful for undertsanding behaviour
- Useful for predicting behaviour (can predict work or social success.
- Most behaviour driven by emotion so vital to understand.
What is Emotion?
The feeling you have that accompanies thoughts and physiological repsonses that communicates information abour relationships.
What is intelligence?
The cognitive ability to reason and problem solve when using emotional information
What is the Ability based model of emotional intelligence ?
A model describing the structure and content of Emotional intelligence as consisting of four different abilities
What emotional intelligence test has Salovey and Mayer developed?
MSCEIT- Mayer, Salovey & Caruso Emotional intelligence consortium
