Chapter 14 Flashcards
What were the motives for Westward expansion to the new world?
Fantastic lands, money, and religion.
Family of famous travelers to the east?
Polos of Venice–Nicolò, Mafeo, Marco
portolani
Charts made by medieval navigators and mathematicians from 1200-1500
Ptolemy
second century astronomer, “Geography” available in Europe in 1477
Prince Henry the Navigator
Prince of Portugal, (1394-1460), sought allies against the Muslims and trade for Portugal in Africa, founded a school for navigators in 1419.
Bartholomew Dias
(1450-1500), rounded cape of Good Hope in 1488, didn’t make it to India because he feared mutiny.
Vasco de Gama
(1460-1524). First expedition to reach India via Africa on May 18 1498.
Alfonso de Albaquerque
1462-1515, set up ports at Goa in 1510, seized Malacca in 1511.
Christopher Columbus
1451-1506. Believed it possible to reach Asia going West. Set sail on August 3,1492. Reached Bahamas October 12. He took four other voyages, landing on Islands every time and died convinced he’s reached the Indies.
Vasco Nuñez de Balboa
1475-1519. Reached the pacific ocean over the Isthmus of Panama in 1513.
Ferdinand Magellan
1480-1521. One of his five ships became first to circumnavigate earth.
Treaty of Tordesillas
- Divided up the New World into Portuguese and Spanish spheres of influence. Most of South America fell within the Spanish sphere.
Aztecs
Begin slow migration towards the valley of Mexico in the early 12th century A.D. established the capital of Tenochtitlán on Lake Texcoco. At the beginning of the 15th century they build an aqueduct to bring fresh water from the spring 4 miles away.
Hernan Cortés
1485-1547. Landed at Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico in 1519. Was believed to be a representative of the God Quetzalcoatl.
Inca
Late 14th century community in the area of Cuzco a city located at an altitude of 10,000 feet in the mountains of Southern Peru.
Pachakuti
1440s launched a campaign to take control of all of Peru.
Dutch East India Company
Founded in 1602, government sponsored, settlment at the Cape of Good Hop
Boers
Dutch Farmers, began to settle outside of Cape Town
What crop led to the drastic inscrease in slaves shipped to North America
Sugarcane, in the 1490s
First Africans shipped from Africa to New World
1518, by Spain
triangular trade
connected Europe, Africa and America, characterized the Atlantic economy. European goods traded for slaves, which were sold in America
Middle Passage
Journey from Africa to America. Mortality rates averaged 10%.
Benin
West African society that lost people and faith in gods, had art deteriorate due to slave trade.
Java
where in the Dutch established the fort at Batavia in 1619. They then established pepper plantations. Major source of income.
The Mughal Empire
Native to Ganges River Valley. Gained control of most of India, early 15th century.
Babur
Founder of the Mughal Empire dynasty.
Akbar
1556-1605, grandson of Babur, brought Mughal rule to most of india
Sir Robert Clive
Military genius of Britain, chief representative of Eat India Company.
Fort at Pondicherry
Last fort under French control because government refused to fun efforts in India.
Battle of Plassey
1757, small british force defeated Mughal army.
Seven Years
1756-1773 the British forced France to withdraw from India.
Ming Dynasty
Ruled 1369 to 1644. Began a new era of greatness in Chinese history
Li Zicheng
Lead a peasant revolt in 1644, storming Beihing. Sparked by epidemic.
Machus
Farming and hunting people northeast of China, Manchuria. They created the Qing dynasty.
Kangxi and Qianlong
Ruled china from middle of the 17th century to the end of the 18th, responsible for the greatness of Manchu China.
Trading post at Canton
first English post established in 1699.
Tokugawa Ieyasu
1543-1616, took title shogun in 1603, that initiated line of powerful shogunates. Tokugawa completed central rule in 1868. Expelled missionaries.
Francis Xavier
Arrived in Japan in 1549, first Jesuit missionary.
Henry Hudson
English explorer hired by the Dutch, discovered the Hudson in 1609.
New Netherlands
Founded by Hudson, seized by English in 1664 and renamed New York.
Jamestown
In modern day Virginia, started in 1607. First permanent English colony.
Massachusetts Bay Company
Founded Masachusetts with 4,000 settlers. By 1660 has 40,000 people.
Jacques Cartier
Discovered St. Lawrence River in 1534.
Quebec
Setles by Samuel de Champlain in 1608.
Treaty of Utrecht
1713, France cedes American colonies to England.
Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
1651-1695, Literary figure of Latin America. Nun.
Gerardus Mercator
Created the Mercator Projection map of the New world. Flemish.
price revolution
Europe wide inflation (of 2-3%) as a result of New World economy. Bad for middle class. Good for land owners.
joint-stock company
New form of company where individuals bought shares and received dividends.
Jacob Fugger
given a monopoly on silver, copper, and mercury for the Habsburgs in exchange for large loans to Charles V. Went bankrupt end of 16th because Habsburgs defaulted.
Bank of Amsterdam
Created 1609 traded stocks in exchange for goods.
