Chapter 14

Question 1

What is the symbol for the equilibrium constant?

Answer 1

K

Question 2

A small value of K means that the reaction favours ____.

Answer 2

Reactants

Question 3

A large value of K means the reaction favours _____.

Answer 3

products

Question 4

If K is large the concentration of reactants is _____ than the concentration of products at equilibrium.

Answer 4

less

Question 5

If K is small the concentration of reactants is _____ than the concentration of products at equilibrium.

Answer 5

greater

Question 6

Reaction rate increases with _____ concentration of products.

Answer 6

increasing

Question 7

Define reversible

Answer 7

As applied to a reaction, the ability to proceed in either the forward or the reverse direction

Question 8

Define dynamic equilibrium

Answer 8

The point at which the rate of the reverse reaction or process equals the rate of the forward reaction or process

Question 9

____ _____ for a chemical reaction is the condition in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction

Answer 9

Dynamic equilibrium

Question 10

At equilibrium are the concentrations of the reactants and products equal?

Answer 10

No!!!!!

Question 11

At equilibrium is the rate of the forward reaction equal to the rate or the reverse reaction?

Answer 11

yes!

Question 12

Define equilibrium constant (Kc)

Answer 12

The ratio, at equilibrium, of the activities of the products raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients to the activities of the reactants raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients

Question 13

The ____ ____ (__) is defined as the ratio of concentrations –at equilibrium– of the products raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients divided by the reactants raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients.

Answer 13

equilibrium constant (Kc)

Question 14

The equilibrium constant quantifies the relative concentrations of reactants and products at _____

Answer 14

equilibrium

Question 15

Define law of mass action

Answer 15

The relationship between the balanced chemical equation and the expression of the equilibrium constant

Question 16

For gasses the equilibrium constant can be calculated in terms of _____

Answer 16

pressures

Question 17

Define activity

Answer 17

A measure of deviation from the standard state.

Question 18

Does the equilibrium constant say anything about how fast a reaction reaches equilibrium?

Answer 18

No. It only says how far a reaction will go to reach equilibrium

Question 19

If K&laquo_space;1:
_____ reaction favoured
_____ reaction does not proceed very far

Answer 19

reverse

forward

Question 20

If K&raquo_space; 1:
_____ reaction favoured
_____ reaction proceeds essentially to completion

Answer 20

forward

forward

Question 21

If K ≈ 1:
_____ direction is favoured
_____ reaction proceeds about halfway

Answer 21

neither

forward (or reverse)

Question 22

If you reverse the equation, _____ the equilibrium constant.

Answer 22

invert

Question 23

If you multiply the coefficients in the equation by a factor, ____ the equilibrium constant to the same factor.

Answer 23

raise

Question 24

If you add two or more individual chemical equations to obtain an overall equation, ____ the corresponding equilibrium constants by each other to obtain the overall equilibrium constant

Answer 24

multiply

Question 25

We define the _____ _____ (__) as the ratio –at any point in the reaction– of the concentrations of the products raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients divided by the reactants raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients

Answer 25

reaction quotient (Qc)

Question 26

For gases the reaction quotient is in terms of ____ _____

Answer 26

partial pressures

Question 27

What is the reaction quotient for a mixture containing only reactants equal to?

Answer 27

Qc = 0

Question 28

What is the reaction quotient for a mixture containing only products equal to?

Answer 28

Qc = ∞ (infinity)

Question 29

At equilibrium the reaction quotient is ____ ____ the equilibrium constant

Answer 29

equal to

Question 30

At equilibrium the reaction quotient is ____ ____ the equilibrium constant

Answer 30

equal to

Question 31

When Q < K the reaction...?

Answer 31

goes to the right (towards products).

Question 32

When Q > K the reaction...?

Answer 32

goes to the left (toward reactants).

Question 33

When Q = K the reaction...?

Answer 33

is at equilibrium.

Question 34

If the equilibrium constant is small, the reaction will not proceed very far to the right and therefore the initial reactant concentration is relatively _____ so we can assume that is ___ relative to the initial concentration.

Answer 34

large | small

Question 35

What is Le Châtelier's principle?

Answer 35

When a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system shifts in a direction that minimizes the disturbance.

Question 36

Increasing the amount of one or more of the reactants (which makes Q < K) causes the reaction to shift to the ____ (in the direction of the _____)

Answer 36

right | products

Question 37

Increasing the amount of one or more of the products (which makes Q > K) causes the reaction to shift to the ____ (in the direction of the ____)

Answer 37

left | reactants

Question 38

Decreasing the amount of one or more of the reactants (which makes Q > K) causes the reaction to shift to the ____ (in the direction of the _____)

Answer 38

left | reactants

Question 39

Decreasing the amount of one or more of the products (which makes Q < K) causes the reaction to shift to the ____ (in the direction of the _____)

Answer 39

right | products

Question 40

Decreasing the volume causes the reaction to shift in the direction that has the _____ moles of gas particles.

Answer 40

fewer

Question 41

Increasing the volume causes the reaction to shift in the direction that has the _____ moles of gas particles.

Answer 41

greater number

Question 42

If a reaction has an equal number of moles of gas on both sides of the chemical equation, then a change in volume produces...?

Answer 42

no effect of the equilibrium

Question 43

If you add an inert gas to a gas in a sealed container, does the equilibrium shift?

Answer 43

No because the partial pressure of the reactants and products do not change.

Question 44

Increasing the temperature causes an exothermic reaction to shift ____ (in the direction of the ______); the value of the equilibrium constant _____

Answer 44

left reactants decreases

Question 45

Decreasing the temperature causes an exothermic reaction to shift ____ (in the direction of the ______); the value of the equilibrium constant _____

Answer 45

right products increases

Question 46

Increasing the temperature causes an endothermic reaction to shift ____ (in the direction of the ______); the value of the equilibrium constant _____

Answer 46

right products increases

Question 47

Decreasing the temperature causes an endothermic reaction to shift ____ (in the direction of the ______); the value of the equilibrium constant _____

Answer 47

left reactants decreases