Chapter 14

Question 1

Who defined stress as, “the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions”?

Answer 1

Hans Selye

Question 2

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

Answer 2

stressor

Question 3

A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.

Answer 3

anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence

Question 3

Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of
potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?

Answer 3

primary

Question 3

________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

Answer 3

eustress

Question 4

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those
qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?

Answer 4

positive psychology

Question 4

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Answer 4

distress

Question 5

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

Answer 5

positive outlook and positive expectations

Question 6

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person’s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity
helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Answer 6

Biofeedback

Question 7

The concept of perceived control refers to ________.

Answer 7

beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

Question 8

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

Answer 8

coping

Question 9

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

Answer 9

mediation

Question 10

Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.

Answer 10

social support

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Answer 11

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

Question 12

Which of the following is a good example of a response-based
definition of stress?

Answer 12

Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.

Question 12

People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline.

Answer 12

distressed

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Answer 13

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal of a stressor?

Answer 14

how a threat is perceived

Question 15

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after
periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

Answer 15

cognitive

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 16

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 17

Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 17

Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.

Question 18

Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is
overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone’s life. Taylor is
probably suffering from ________.

Answer 18

job burnout

Question 18

Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(n) ________.

Answer 18

Daily hassle

Question 19

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday
a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy’s pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

Answer 19

depersonalization

Question 20

Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always
seems to be in a rush.

Answer 20

Type A

Question 21

A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise.

Answer 21

asthma

Question 21

Oleksiy is an adjunct professor in the Department of Fine Arts. He applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork if he is not working a full-time job.
He also reminds himself that some of his friends from grad school can’t find work related to art in any way. Which type of coping approach is
Oleksiy using?

Answer 21

emotion focused

Question 21

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

Answer 21

chronic

Question 21

Ashaela is Black, and she is attending a college with a
predominately White population. She is the only Black student in several of her classes; last week in her psychology class, another
student muttered a racist slur as she passed Ashaela’s desk. Ashaela is attempting to cope by talking to her parents about her heritage and joining the Black Student Union on campus. This exemplifies the
________ strategy for coping with racism.

Answer 21

racial identity

Question 21

Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of people and situations. Lydia exemplifies ________.

Answer 21

optimism

Question 22

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at
lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

Answer 22

less stress than someone who has no effective options

Question 22

Which of the following statements about the male and female experience of stress is true?

Answer 22

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

Question 23

Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?

Answer 23

The immune system is weakened.

Question 24

Researchers who studied people injured in the 9/11 attacks found that the injured later suffered from ________. These results demonstrate how stress is linked to the development and progression of a variety of physical illnesses and diseases.

Answer 24

significantly elevated rates of heart disease

Question 25

What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?

Answer 25

They tend to believe that they can personally control and manage their reactions to life’s stressors.

Question 26

Which of the following is not one of the three aspects of job
burnout?

Answer 26

wanting to quit

Question 27

How can a study that involves exposing people to live viruses
demonstrate a link between stress and impaired immune function?

Answer 27

stress weakens the immune system, so people with high stress levels should be more likely to get sick

Question 28

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

Answer 28

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Question 29

Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease?

Answer 29

Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease.