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chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________.

A

in which people are presented with ambiguous images

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3
Q

The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.

A

selective migration

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3
Q

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

A

trait

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4
Q

Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?

A

Hans and Sybil Eysenck

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5
Q

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

A

heritability

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6
Q

The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic,
thoughtful, quiet, and private.

A

ectomorph

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7
Q

Self-efficacy is ________.

A

our level of confidence in our own abilities

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7
Q

Who developed social-cognitive theory?

A

Albert Bandura

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8
Q

Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns.

A

B.F. Skinner

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9
Q

Who proposed the locus of control concept?

A

Julian Rotter

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10
Q

An archetype is a ________.

A

pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies

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11
Q

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

A

Karen Horney

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12
Q

Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.

A

persona

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13
Q

A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth
and doesn’t measure up to the standards of others or of society.

A

inferiority

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14
Q

In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?

A

yellow bite from the liver

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15
Q

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.

A

five factor model

16
Q

The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Hispanic culture.

A

TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

17
Q

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

A

ID

18
Q

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

A

choleric

18
Q

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

A

regression

18
Q

The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual’s clinical profile.

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory (MMPI)

19
Q

If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might
become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.

A

anal

20
Q

The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person’s unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.

A

rorshach

20
Q

In the ________ stage, there is a sexual reawakening as the
incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).

A

genital

21
Q

Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person.

A

phlegmatic

22
Q

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific
personality dimensions: ________.

A

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

22
Q

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this
exemplified?

A

archetype

23
Q

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using?

A

moving against people

24
Q

In Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

A

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

25
Q

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to
becoming a good teacher. When she doesn’t pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert
Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

A

high self- efficacy

26
Q

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works
hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

A

an internal locus of control

27
Q

Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too
hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn’t get the internship because the manager didn’t like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________.

A

an external locus of control

28
Q

As the “third force” in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to
the behaviorists’ view of humans passively reacting to the environment.

A

humanism

29
Q

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

A

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

30
Q

Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud’s theory of development?

A

climate of sexual repression

31
Q

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler’s main contributions to personality theory?

A

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

32
Q

Karen Horney described three coping styles when dealing with
anxiety. Which of the following is not one of them?

A

Moving with people

33
Q

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

A

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

34
Q

How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning?

A

Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate.

35
Q

Which question was central to the marshmallow test?

A

Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?

psychology (19 decks)

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