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BIO112 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

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2
Q

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.

A

False

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3
Q

What is the function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

A

Enzymes regulate and control the flow of biochemical reactions in cells.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are highly ________ in their specificity for substrates.

A

specific

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5
Q

What is the region on an enzyme where the substrate binds?

A

Active site

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6
Q

What is the term for the substance on which an enzyme acts?

A

Substrate

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7
Q

True or False: Enzymes alter the equilibrium of a reaction.

A

False

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8
Q

What is the term for the process of an enzyme losing its shape and becoming nonfunctional?

A

Denaturation

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9
Q

What are the two main categories of enzymes based on the type of reaction they catalyze?

A

Oxidoreductases and hydrolases

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are usually named by adding the suffix ________ to the substrate name.

A

-ase

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11
Q

What is the term for a nonprotein compound necessary for the functioning of an enzyme?

A

Cofactor

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12
Q

What is the term for a cofactor that is an organic molecule?

A

Coenzyme

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13
Q

True or False: Enzymes are affected by changes in temperature and pH.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the term for the maximum rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

A

Vmax

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15
Q

What is the term for the substrate concentration at which an enzyme works at half of its maximum velocity?

A

Km (Michaelis constant)

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16
Q

What is the term for a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a site other than the active site?

A

Noncompetitive inhibitor

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: Competitive inhibitors compete with the ________ for binding to the active site of an enzyme.

A

substrate

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18
Q

What is the term for the process of an enzyme catalyzing a reaction in reverse?

A

Reversible inhibition

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19
Q

True or False: Allosteric regulation involves the binding of a molecule to the active site of an enzyme.

A

False

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20
Q

What is the term for molecules that bind to allosteric sites and regulate enzyme activity?

A

Allosteric regulators

21
Q

What is the term for the process in which the product of a reaction inhibits the enzyme catalyzing the reaction?

A

Feedback inhibition

22
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes lower the ________ of activation for chemical reactions.

A

energy

23
Q

What is the term for a group of enzymes that break down proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids?

A

Proteases

24
Q

True or False: Enzymes are used in industrial processes to produce various products.

A

True

25
Q

What is the term for the process of an enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another?

A

Transferase activity

26
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are essential for the digestion of ________ in the human body.

A

food

27
Q

What is the term for enzymes that can function at extreme temperatures or pH levels?

A

Extremozymes

28
Q

True or False: Enzymes are highly specific and can catalyze a wide range of reactions.

A

False

29
Q

What is the term for the process in which an enzyme catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule?

A

Phosphorylation

30
Q

What is the term for an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a molecule?

A

Dephosphorylase

31
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are crucial for the synthesis of ________ in cells.

A

DNA and RNA

32
Q

What is the term for an enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two molecules?

A

Ligase

33
Q

True or False: Enzymes can only catalyze reactions in living organisms.

A

False

34
Q

What is the term for enzymes that break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol?

A

Lipases

35
Q

What is the term for the process of an enzyme catalyzing the addition of a molecule of water to a substance?

A

Hydration

36
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes play a crucial role in the regulation of ________ in cells.

A

metabolism

37
Q

What is the term for a group of enzymes that catalyze the addition of a group to a double bond?

A

Hydroxylases

38
Q

True or False: Enzymes are only found in animals.

A

False

39
Q

What is the term for the process of an enzyme catalyzing the removal of a group from a molecule?

A

Dehydration

40
Q

What is the term for an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of a bond by adding water?

A

Hydrolase

41
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes play a critical role in the regulation of ________ in living organisms.

A

cellular processes

42
Q

What is the term for enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another?

A

Transaminases

43
Q

True or False: Enzymes can only catalyze reactions in specific conditions.

A

True

44
Q

What is the term for enzymes that catalyze the addition of a group to a molecule without the direct involvement of ATP?

A

Synthetases

45
Q

What is the term for the process of an enzyme catalyzing the breakdown of glycogen into glucose?

A

Glycogenolysis

46
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are essential for the synthesis of ________ in cells.

A

proteins

47
Q

What is the term for an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a group from one molecule to another?

A

Transferase

48
Q

True or False: Enzymes are only used in biological processes.

A

False

49
Q

What is the term for enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule?

A

Kinases

BIO112 (6 decks)

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