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BIO112 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of protein sorting?

A

To ensure proteins are correctly targeted to their appropriate cellular locations.

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2
Q

True or False: Protein sorting is a crucial process for maintaining cellular function.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the role of nuclear transport in the cell?

A

To regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Nuclear transport is essential for maintaining ____________ integrity.

A

Genomic

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5
Q

What are the two main pathways for protein sorting in eukaryotic cells?

A

The secretory pathway and the endocytic pathway.

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6
Q

What is the function of signal sequences in protein sorting?

A

They direct proteins to their correct subcellular locations.

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7
Q

What is the nuclear localization signal (NLS) responsible for?

A

Targeting proteins to the nucleus.

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8
Q

What is the main mechanism for nuclear transport?

A

Nuclear pore complexes.

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9
Q

What is the role of importins in nuclear transport?

A

They facilitate the import of proteins into the nucleus.

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10
Q

What is the function of Ran in nuclear transport?

A

To regulate the directionality of transport through the nuclear pore complex.

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11
Q

What is the function of nuclear export signals (NES) in nuclear transport?

A

They target proteins for export from the nucleus.

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12
Q

What are the key players involved in protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network?

A

COPI and COPII vesicles.

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13
Q

What is the role of clathrin-coated vesicles in protein sorting at the plasma membrane?

A

They facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis.

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14
Q

What is the function of adaptins in clathrin-coated vesicle formation?

A

They help select cargo molecules for transport.

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15
Q

What is the function of karyopherins in nuclear transport?

A

To mediate the transport of proteins through the nuclear pore complex.

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16
Q

What is the role of the small GTPase Ran in nuclear transport?

A

To regulate the association and dissociation of cargo proteins with importins and exportins.

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17
Q

What is the function of nucleoporins in nuclear transport?

A

To form the structural framework of the nuclear pore complex.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of nuclear import/export receptors in nuclear transport?

A

To recognize and bind cargo proteins for transport.

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19
Q

What is the significance of protein phosphorylation in nuclear transport?

A

It can regulate the activity of nuclear transport factors.

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20
Q

What is the role of the nuclear envelope in nuclear transport?

A

It acts as a barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

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21
Q

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex in nuclear transport?

A

To allow selective passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

22
Q

What is the key difference between nuclear import and export signals?

A

Import signals target proteins for import into the nucleus, while export signals target proteins for export from the nucleus.

23
Q

What is the role of importin alpha in nuclear transport?

A

To recognize and bind cargo proteins with a nuclear localization signal.

24
Q

What is the function of nuclear import receptors in nuclear transport?

A

To deliver cargo proteins to the nuclear pore complex for translocation into the nucleus.

25
Q

What is the role of nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors in nuclear transport?

A

To mediate the bidirectional transport of proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

26
Q

What is the function of FG repeats in nuclear pore proteins?

A

To form a selective barrier within the nuclear pore complex.

27
Q

What is the significance of the Ran-GTPase cycle in nuclear transport?

A

It regulates the binding and release of cargo proteins by importins and exportins.

28
Q

What is the mechanism by which nuclear export signals (NES) function in nuclear transport?

A

They are recognized by exportins and target proteins for export from the nucleus.

29
Q

What is the key function of nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors in nuclear transport?

A

To ensure the directional transport of proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

30
Q

What is the role of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) in nuclear transport?

A

It directs proteins to the nucleus for import.

31
Q

What is the function of the nuclear export signal (NES) in nuclear transport?

A

It targets proteins for export from the nucleus.

32
Q

What is the importance of nuclear transport for cellular homeostasis?

A

It ensures the proper localization of proteins for cellular function.

33
Q

What is the significance of the nuclear pore complex in nuclear transport?

A

It acts as a gatekeeper for the selective transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

34
Q

What is the role of nuclear transport factors in regulating protein trafficking in and out of the nucleus?

A

They control the directionality and specificity of transport processes.

35
Q

What is the primary role of nuclear transport in gene regulation?

A

To allow the transport of transcription factors and other regulatory proteins into the nucleus for gene expression.

36
Q

What is the function of nuclear import receptors in nuclear transport?

A

To recognize and bind cargo proteins for transport into the nucleus.

37
Q

What is the mechanism by which nuclear export receptors function in nuclear transport?

A

They recognize and bind cargo proteins with a nuclear export signal for transport out of the nucleus.

38
Q

What is the significance of the nuclear envelope in nuclear transport?

A

It serves as a physical barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, allowing for controlled transport of molecules.

39
Q

What is the primary role of nuclear transport receptors in nuclear transport?

A

To facilitate the transport of proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm in a regulated manner.

40
Q

What is the function of nuclear exportins in nuclear transport?

A

To facilitate the export of cargo proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

41
Q

What is the role of the nuclear pore complex in nuclear transport?

A

To provide a passage for selective transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

42
Q

What is the importance of nucleocytoplasmic transport in cellular function?

A

It allows for the regulation of protein localization and activity in response to cellular signals.

43
Q

What is the function of nuclear transport receptors in protein trafficking?

A

To recognize and transport cargo proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

44
Q

What is the significance of the nuclear envelope in nuclear transport?

A

It helps maintain the separation of nuclear and cytoplasmic components, allowing for controlled transport processes.

45
Q

What is the primary function of nuclear transport factors?

A

To regulate the transport of proteins in and out of the nucleus.

46
Q

What is the role of nuclear importins in nuclear transport?

A

They facilitate the import of cargo proteins into the nucleus.

47
Q

What is the significance of nuclear transport receptors in protein trafficking?

A

They ensure the proper localization and function of proteins in the cell.

48
Q

What is the function of nuclear exportins in nuclear transport?

A

To mediate the export of cargo proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

49
Q

What is the primary role of nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors in nuclear transport?

A

To regulate the bidirectional transport of proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

50
Q

What is the importance of nucleocytoplasmic transport in cellular function?

A

It allows for the dynamic regulation of protein localization and activity in response to cellular signals.

BIO112 (6 decks)

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