CHAPTER 14 Flashcards
microbes live with their hosts in __ relationships
symbiotic
what are the 4 symbiotic relationships
mutualism
parasitism
amensalism
commensalism
both members benefit
mutualism
parasite benefits while host is harmed
parasitism
one member is harmed while second is neither harmed nor helped
amensalism
one benefits while the other is unaffected
commensalism
any parasite that causes disease is called a
pathogen
cause disease when the immune system is suppressed
opportunistic pathogens
is affected by certain changes in the body or when a member of the normal microbiome is introduced into an area of the body
microbial antagonism
living and nonliving continuous sources of infectious disease are called
reservoirs of infection
animal reservoirs harbor agents of __ which are diseases of animals that may be spread to humans via direct contact
zoonoses
are inanimate objects, including soil, water, and food
nonliving reservoirs of infection
refers to the mere presence of microbes in or on the body or object
microbial contamination
what are the portals of entry of pathogens into the body
skin
mucous membrane
placenta
pathogens attach to cells in a process called
adhesion
when bacteria and viruses lose their ability to make adhesion factors, they are called
avirulent
som ebactria interact to produce a sticky web of cells and polysaccharides called a
biofilm
it is condition sufficiently adverse to interfere with normal functioning of the body
disease/morbidity
these are subjectively felt by a patient
symptoms
outside observer can observe these
signs
it is a group of symptoms and signs that collectively characterize a particular abnormal condition
syndrome
infections that may go unnoticed because of the absence of symptoms
asymptomatic or subclinical
the study of the cause of disease
etiology
who proposed the germ theory of disease and developed a series of essential conditions
robert koch
what are the essential conditions made by robert koch
koch’s postulates
it is the microorganism’s ability to cause disease
pathogenicity
it is the measure of pathogenicity
virulence
the presence in the blood of poisons called toxins
toxemia
are secreted by pathogens into their environment
exotoxins
are lipopolysaccharides released from the cell wall of dead and dying gram neg bacteria
endotoxins
are antibodies the host forms against exotoxins
antitoxins
what are the different portals of exit
nose
mouth
urethra
involves person to person spread by body contact
direct contact
transmission of pathogens via inanimate objects is called
indirect transmission
transfer of pathogen with mucous
droplet transmission
involves airborne, waterborne, foodborne
vehicle trasmission
