CHAPTER 14

Question 1

microbes live with their hosts in __ relationships

Answer 1

symbiotic

Question 2

what are the 4 symbiotic relationships

Answer 2

mutualism
parasitism
amensalism
commensalism

Question 3

both members benefit

Answer 3

mutualism

Question 4

parasite benefits while host is harmed

Answer 4

parasitism

Question 5

one member is harmed while second is neither harmed nor helped

Answer 5

amensalism

Question 6

one benefits while the other is unaffected

Answer 6

commensalism

Question 7

any parasite that causes disease is called a

Answer 7

pathogen

Question 8

cause disease when the immune system is suppressed

Answer 8

opportunistic pathogens

Question 9

is affected by certain changes in the body or when a member of the normal microbiome is introduced into an area of the body

Answer 9

microbial antagonism

Question 10

living and nonliving continuous sources of infectious disease are called

Answer 10

reservoirs of infection

Question 11

animal reservoirs harbor agents of __ which are diseases of animals that may be spread to humans via direct contact

Answer 11

zoonoses

Question 12

are inanimate objects, including soil, water, and food

Answer 12

nonliving reservoirs of infection

Question 13

refers to the mere presence of microbes in or on the body or object

Answer 13

microbial contamination

Question 14

what are the portals of entry of pathogens into the body

Answer 14

skin
mucous membrane
placenta

Question 15

pathogens attach to cells in a process called

Answer 15

adhesion

Question 16

when bacteria and viruses lose their ability to make adhesion factors, they are called

Answer 16

avirulent

Question 17

som ebactria interact to produce a sticky web of cells and polysaccharides called a

Answer 17

biofilm

Question 18

it is condition sufficiently adverse to interfere with normal functioning of the body

Answer 18

disease/morbidity

Question 19

these are subjectively felt by a patient

Answer 19

symptoms

Question 20

outside observer can observe these

Answer 20

signs

Question 21

it is a group of symptoms and signs that collectively characterize a particular abnormal condition

Answer 21

syndrome

Question 22

infections that may go unnoticed because of the absence of symptoms

Answer 22

asymptomatic or subclinical

Question 23

the study of the cause of disease

Answer 23

etiology

Question 24

who proposed the germ theory of disease and developed a series of essential conditions

Answer 24

robert koch

Question 25

what are the essential conditions made by robert koch

Answer 25

koch’s postulates

Question 26

it is the microorganism’s ability to cause disease

Answer 26

pathogenicity

Question 27

it is the measure of pathogenicity

Answer 27

virulence

Question 28

the presence in the blood of poisons called toxins

Answer 28

toxemia

Question 29

are secreted by pathogens into their environment

Answer 29

exotoxins

Question 30

are lipopolysaccharides released from the cell wall of dead and dying gram neg bacteria

Answer 30

endotoxins

Question 31

are antibodies the host forms against exotoxins

Answer 31

antitoxins

Question 32

what are the different portals of exit

Answer 32

nose
mouth
urethra

Question 33

involves person to person spread by body contact

Answer 33

direct contact

Question 34

transmission of pathogens via inanimate objects is called

Answer 34

indirect transmission

Question 35

transfer of pathogen with mucous

Answer 35

droplet transmission

Question 36

involves airborne, waterborne, foodborne

Answer 36

vehicle trasmission