Chapter 12

Question 1

A typical eukaryotic nucleus may be

Answer 1

Haploid / diploid

Question 2

It divides by mitosis in four phases __ resulting in two nuclei with the same ploidy as the original.

Answer 2

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 3

nuclear division that results in four nuclei, each with half the ploidy of the original.

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

A cell’s cytoplasm divides by

Answer 4

Cytokinesis

Question 5

are multinucleate cells resulting from repeated mito- ses but postponed or no cytokinesis.

Answer 5

Coenocytes

Question 6

Some microbes undergo multiple mitoses by schizogony to form a multinucleate

Answer 6

Schizont

Question 7

are eukaryotic, unicellular
organisms that lack cell walls.

Answer 7

Protozoa

Question 8

the feeding stage of a typical protozoan

Answer 8

Motile trophozoite

Question 9

Most protozoa are ___ getting their energy from chemicals and their carbon from other organisms, but dinoflagel- lates and euglenoids are photoautotrophs.

Answer 9

Chemo heterotrophs

Question 10

A few protozoa undergo sexual reproduction by forming

Answer 10

Gametocytes

Question 11

Gametocytes fuse to form a

Answer 11

Zygote Te

Question 12

Protozoa may be classified into six groups

Answer 12

parabasalids, diplo- monads, euglenozoa, alveolates, rhizaria, and amoebozoa.

Question 13

are characterized by a Golgi body–like structure called a parabasal body

Answer 13

Parabasalids

Question 14

are euglenozoa that store food as paramylon, lack cell walls, and have eyespots used in positive phototaxis.

Answer 14

unicellular flagellated euglenids

Question 15

euglenozoan with a single, large, apical mito- chondrion that contains a kinetoplast, which is a region of DNA.

Answer 15

Kinetoplastid

Question 16

Alveolates, with cavities called alveoli beneath their cell surfaces, include

Answer 16

ciliate
apicomplexans
dinoflagellas

Question 17

Protozoa that move and feed with pseudopods are

Answer 17

amoebas

Question 18

2 kingdoms of amoebas

Answer 18

rhizaria
amoebazoa

Question 19

which have threadlike pseudo- pods and calcium carbonate shells

Answer 19

Foraminifera

Question 20

which have threadlike pseudopods and silica shells.

Answer 20

Radiolaria

Question 21

despite their name, are not fungi but are a kind of amoeba.

Answer 21

Slime molds

Question 22

kinds of slime molds

Answer 22

plasmodial
cellular

Question 23

are chemoheterotrophic eukary-
otes with cell walls usually composed of chitin.

Answer 23

Fungi

Question 24

Most fungi are beneficial, but some produce

Answer 24

Mycoses

Question 25

Mold bodies are composed of tubular filaments called h

Answer 25

Hyphae

Question 26

Hyphae are described as either

Answer 26

Septate / aseptate

Question 27

is a tangled mass of hyphae.

Answer 27

Mycelium

Question 28

either moldlike (with hyphae) or yeastlike, depending on environmental conditions.

Answer 28

Dimorphic fungus

Question 29

they acquire nutrients by absorption from dead organisms.

Answer 29

Saprobes

Question 30

Other fungi get nutrients from living organisms using that penetrate host tissues.

Answer 30

haustoria

Question 31

Most fungi in the division Zygomycota produce
rough-walled

Answer 31

zygosporangia

Question 32

intra-
cellular parasites formerly classified as protozoa but now classed with zygomycetes based on genetic analysis.

Answer 32

Microsporidia

Question 33

a group of economically
important fungi, produce ascospores within sacs called asci.

Answer 33

Ascomycota

Question 34

have fruiting bodies called basidiocarps that include mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi. Basidiocarps produce basidiospores at the ends of basidia.

Answer 34

Basidiocarps

Question 35

economically and environmentally important organ- isms composed of fungi living in partnership with photosynthetic microbes, either green algae or cyanobacteria.

Answer 35

Lichen

Question 36

imperfect (fungi) are an informal grouping of fungi having no known sexual stage.

Answer 36

deuteronycetes

Question 37

are photosynthetic organisms in which every cell of the
reproductive structures becomes a gamete.

Answer 37

algae

Question 38

The study of algae is , and the scientists who study them are phycologists.

Answer 38

phycology

Question 39

Algae typically reproduce by an in which a haploid body alternates with a diploid bod

Answer 39

alternation of generations

Question 40

contains green algae, which are metaboli- cally similar to land plants.

Answer 40

chlorophyta

Question 41

red algae, contain the pigment phycoerythrin, the storage molecule glycogen, and cell walls of agar or carrageenan, substances used as thickening agents

Answer 41

rhodophyta

Question 42

brown algae, contain xanthophylls, laminarin, and oils. They have cell walls composed of cellulose and alginic acid, which is another thickening agent. A brown algal spore is motile by means of one “hairy” flagellum and one whiplike flagellum.

Answer 42

phaotophyta

Question 43

the golden algae, yellow-green algae, and diatoms—contain chrysolaminarin as a storage product. The silica cell walls of diatoms are arranged in nesting halves called frustules.

Answer 43

chrysophyta

Question 44

have tubular cristae in their mitochondria, cell walls of cellulose, spores having two different flagella, and diploid bodies. They are placed in the kingdom Stramenopila along with chrysophytes and brown algae.

Answer 44

water molds

Question 45

animals that carry and transmit pathogens.

Answer 45

athropod vectors