CHAPTER 13 Flashcards

1
Q

viruses, viroids, prions are __ disease-causing agents that lack cell structure and cannot metabolize, grow, self reproduce, or respond to their environment.

A

acellular

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2
Q

tiny infectious agent with nucleic acid surrounded by proteinaceous capsomeres

A

virus

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3
Q

capsomeres in viruses form a coat called

A

capsid

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4
Q

a complete viral particle, including a nucleic acid and capsid, outside a cell

A

virion

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5
Q

it is a virus that infects a bacterial cell

A

bacteriophage or phage

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6
Q

typically, a virus in a cell proceeds with a __ cycle

A

lytic replication cycle

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7
Q

what are the 5 stages of the lytic replication cycle

A

attachment
entry
synthesis
assembly
release

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8
Q

process of removing caspid on virion

A

uncoating

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9
Q

virions are released from the host cell either by __

A

lysis of the host cell
extrusion of enveloped virions

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10
Q

it is a process seen only with certain animal viruses

A

budding

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11
Q

an envelope is derived from a

A

cell membrane

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12
Q

these phages enter a bacterial cell and remain inactive

A

temperate / lysogenic phages

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13
Q

temperate phages remain inactive in a process called

A

lysogeny or lysogenic replication cycle

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14
Q

such inactive phages are called __ and are inserted into the chromosome of the cell and passed to its daughter cells

A

prophages

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15
Q

results when phages carry genes that alter the phenotype of a bacterium

A

lysogenic conversion

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16
Q

a prophage may be excised from the chromosome in a process known as

A

induction

17
Q

complementary negative sense single stranded RNA is transcribed to serve as a template for more

A

positive sense single stranded RNA

18
Q

examples of these are HIV viruses that carry reverse transcriptase, which transcribes DNA from RNA

A

retroviruses

19
Q

these viruses carry an RNA dependent RNA transcriptase for transcribing mRNA from the -ssRNA genome

A

negative sense single stranded RNA

20
Q

it is a process similar to lysogeny, an animal virus remains inactive in a cell, possibly for years, as part of chromosome or in the cytosol

A

latency

21
Q

also known as provirus

A

latent virus

22
Q

is uncontrolled cellular reproduction in a multicellular animal

A

neoplasia

23
Q

a mass of neoplastic cells ; relatively harmless or invasive

A

tumor

24
Q

malignant tumors are also called

A

cancer

25
Q

describes the spreading of malignant tumors

A

metastasis

26
Q

when a mixture of bacteria and phages is grown on an agar plate, bacteria infected with phages lyse, producing clear areas called

A

plaques

27
Q

it is a technique used to estimate phage numbers

A

plaque assay

28
Q

are small circular pieces of RNA with no capsid that infect and cause disease in plants

A

viroids

29
Q

are infectious protein particles that lack nuclei acids and replicate by inducing similar, normal proteins to misfold into new prions.

A

prions

30
Q

inducing similar, normal proteins to misfold into new prions is a process called

A

templating