Chapter 14/15 Study Guide (Ren/Ref) Flashcards
Who founded the Jesuit order?
Ignatius of Loyola
What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?
Predestination
Why was the Medici family famous?
Rulers, supporter of the arts, wealthy?
Who declared himself head of the English church?
Henry VIII
What was the renaissance a rebirth of?
Art and literature
What were Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas Moore?
Christian humanist writers
What did humanists focus on?
Human potential and achievements.
What were indulgences?
Parsons that released someone from the penalties of their sin.
In what ways did Leonardo da Vinci represent a Renaissance man?
Painter, sculptor, scientist, etc (many talents)
What was the 1st full sized book that Gutenberg printed?
The Bible
What does the work utopia mean today?
“Ideal place”
How did Protestant get it’s name?
It was the german princes that were protesting against the Catholics.
Why did the northern renaissance lag behind the Italian renaissance?
Italy flourished in trade, north had 100 Years War (at the time)
What city fell to the ottoman Turks in 1453?
Constantinople
What does AnaBaptist mean?
“Baptize again”, believed only adults should be baptized/church - state separate
Who supported renaissance artists?
Patrons
In England the king declared himself king of what church?
Anglican Church, Church of England
What did Gutenberg invent?
The printing press
What was the act of supremacy?
When Henry broke from the church / made his own
What was the main reason for the split of the Catholic Church and England?
He wanted a male heir / another woman
What were some of Luther’s main beliefs?
All people of faith we were equal
What was a major reason for the reformation?
European merchants resented paying church tax (???)
What was a important effect of the printing press?
Increased literacy rate
Why was block printing more useful in Europe than in China?
Europe had a smaller number of characters.
Explain the peace of Augsburg.
“It settled fightings between Catholics / Protestants, let german princes decide own religion.
What was agreed upon at the council of Trent?
Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final.
Which idea of Martin Luther’s most influenced John Calvin?
Humans CAN NOT earn a way to heaven.
(SA) What were Luther’s Chief objections to the Roman Catholic Church?
Martin Luther deeply objected many of the church’s problems during the time (for example, the church’s practice of worldly matters and simony), which he stated in his 95 Thesis. However, Luther had main/chief objectives he stated frequently. For example; only saved by faith alone, Bible was ONLY authority, all believers equal with god
(SA) What were the effects of Gutenberg’s printing press?
The printing press during those times had a larger impact than expected because of its convenience and speed. Back then, took 5 months to make book. Printing press made 500 in that time. Since more than one copy, lower cost/more available for ppl to read. People could spread intelligence and communication through the books, such as studies, research, maps, charts, that could be built on.
(SA) How was the shift from medieval to renaissance values reflected in the art and learning of the two periods?
The art and learning of the time gives insight and expresses values of the times they were written. For example, in art, medival people solely wanted to show religious and very stiff. However, Ren thought more of themselves and humanity, more expressive and elaborate. When it came to learning, medival took fact easy and served w/o thought. REN were skeptical of everything, religion/authority/scientific meathod. Spread of ideas mean more to be built upon.
(SA) Which aspects of the renaissance contributed to the environment that made the reformation possible?
Renaissance was a time of deep learning and improvement, which extremely helped add fire to a coming reformation. People used this new knowledge and power to avantage. Now able to speak out about problems in the church! The people were also skeptical of religion and the athority figures in church during that time. They questioned everything about their leaders and tried to not blindly follow religious faith and leaders without knowing everything; skeptical of church’s ideals.
What kind of person represented a renaissance man?
A very smart (athletic?) person adept in many areas.
