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Psychology Test 2 > Chapter 14/15 - Mental Illness > Flashcards

Chapter 14/15 - Mental Illness Flashcards

1
Q

Trephining

A

“Cure” for mentally ill in ancient times
Drill hole in head to let evil spirits out
Before electricity, hammer sharp object into the skull

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2
Q

Hippocrates on Mental Illness

A

Explained mental illness using biology and imbalance in body’s 4 humors

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3
Q

Hippocrates’s body’s 4 humors

A

Blood
Phlegm
Yellow bile
Black bile

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4
Q

Middle ages and mental illness

A

Killed for being mentally ill

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5
Q

Renaissance (mid-1500s)

A

Treated as witches, burned at the stake

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6
Q

Psychopathology

A

Study of abnormal behavior

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7
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Regular therapy

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8
Q

Biomedical therapy

A

Medications, surgeries, etc.

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9
Q

Definition of abnormality

A

Pattern of behavior that cause significant distress, harm to self or others, or harms ability to function

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10
Q

Subjective discomfort

A

Person experiences emotional distress or pain

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11
Q

Maladaptive

A

Interferes with someone’s functioning

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12
Q

Insane

A

Legal criteria, mental illness interfered with moral compass

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13
Q

Biological (Medical) Model (Psychopathology)

A

Behavior is caused by biological changes or chemical reasons
E.g., depression, anxiety, schizophrenia

Cannot explain personality disorders or phobias

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14
Q

4 Psychological Models

A

Psychodynamic view (Freud)
Behaviorist view
Cognitive perspective
Sociocultural view

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15
Q

Psychodynamic view

A

Freudian

Used to treat anxiety and depression

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16
Q

Behaviorist view

A

Person is conditioned to have phobia

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17
Q

Cultural syndromes

A

Product of cultural influences

E.g., anorexia in the West

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18
Q

Biopsychosocial perspective

A

Interaction of all 4 views to explain/treat stuff

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19
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud

Emphasis on revealing unconscious conflicts

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20
Q

Insight therapy

A

Get insight into what is happening

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21
Q

Dream interpretation (Freud therapy)

A

Latent content - analyze dream

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22
Q

Free association (Freud therapy)

A

Talk about whatever while back is to therapist

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23
Q

Resistance (Freud therapy)

A

Patient is reluctant to talk about topic, therapist focuses on it

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24
Q

Transference (Freud therapy)

A

Patient projects emotions of important people in their lives onto therapist

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25
Q

Behavioral therapy

A

A form of action therapy based on conditioning

Fixes specific behavioral issues (phobias, addictions)

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26
Q

Counterconditioning (aversion therapy)

A

Pair bad behavior with unpleasant stimulus to condition the bad behavior away

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27
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

Helps client recognize distortions in thinking and replace distorted beliefs with realistic, helpful ones

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28
Q

Beck’s CBT

A

Specific, repeated ways of negative thinking which become a habit and contribute to anxiety

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29
Q

4 cultural barriers

A

Differences in these between therapist/client can cause problems

Native language
Cultural values
Social class
Non-verbal communication

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30
Q

Biomedical therapy

A

Directly alter biological functioning of the brain

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31
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

Medicines

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32
Q

Ketamine

A

Experimental drug for depression

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33
Q

Psilocybin

A

Experimental drug for PTSD

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34
Q

SSRIs

A

Antidepressants

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35
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

Patient receives a shock that induces a seizure and instantly cures them

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36
Q

Psychosurgery

A

Surgery on brain to fix biology (like OCD)

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37
Q

Global assessment of functioning (GAF)

A

Test to assess level of independent functioning in the world

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38
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

Excessive worry
Physical symptoms of stress that last 6+ months (e.g., headaches, pain, no appetite, etc.)
Feeling of impending doom
Free-floating anxiety (ever-present anxiety unrelated to anything)

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39
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

A

Fear of negative evaluation by others in social situations

Only around new people

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40
Q

Performance-only specifier

A

Modifier to SAD

Individual only has SAD during stage fright (but excessive anxiety)

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41
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of large spaces

Shut-in, scared to leave safe space

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42
Q

Coulrophobia

A

Fear of clowns

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43
Q

Nomophobia

A

Fear of being out of mobile phone service

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44
Q

Gephyrophobia

A

Fear of crossing bridge over deep water

45
Q

Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia

A

Fear of long words

46
Q

Anatidaephobia

A

Fear of duck watching you somewhere in the world

47
Q

Panic disorder

A

Regular, repeated panic attacks

48
Q

Panic attack

A

Sudden onset of intense panic with extreme stress symtoms

49
Q

Separation anxiety disorder

A

Individual gets anxious if attachment figure is not present (e.g., helicopter parent anxious if their child is away, dog gets anxious when owner leaves, etc.)

50
Q

Psychoanalytic talk therapy

A

Freudian psychoanalyst
Cures phobias
Progressively desensitize to the phobia

51
Q

Flooding

A

E.g., put a cat-phobe around 20 kittens with no escape

52
Q

Magnification (Beck’s)

A

Everything is horrible, blow negative events out of proportion

53
Q

All-or-nothing (Beck’s)

A

If it isn’t perfect, it is a total failure

54
Q

Overgeneralization (Beck’s)

A

Extrapolate one failure into tons of failures

E.g., fail a test, therefore never going to go to med school and will die poor and alone

55
Q

Minimization

A

E.g., ignore all success regardless of impressiveness, focus on negative

56
Q

Arbitrary inference

A

E.g., assumptions without evidence

57
Q

Selective thinking

A

Focus on one bad thing instead of all the good things

58
Q

Personalization

A

Think everything is your fault

59
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

Body Dysmorphia

60
Q

Hoarding

A

Thought is “Might need it later”

Behavior is “Keep all the stuff”

61
Q

Trichotillomania

A

Hair-pulling

Compulsion to pull out hair

62
Q

Excoriation

A

Skin-picking, often to the point of injury

63
Q

Bilateral cingulotomy

A

Treatment for severe OCD

Electric wires destroy a connection in the brain that is overworked and causes the problems

64
Q

Treatments for PTSD/ASD

A

CBTs + SSRIs

EMDR

65
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Episodic, severe

Sudden onset with no external cause, lasts days to weeks at a time

66
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A 
Chronic
Lasts 2+ years minimum
Less severe on average
People are sometimes unaware until it worsens
Does not affect functioning
67
Q

Pre-Menstrual Dysphoric Disorder

A

During per**d
Severe mood swings
Lack of motivation

68
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder

A

Depression caused by low sunlight

69
Q

CBT

A

Talks to person, identifies ways of thinking that add to depression

70
Q

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

A

Series of appointments once a day for 12-15 days
Uncomfortable magnetic stimulation during visit
Causes temporary cure and headaches

71
Q

Ketamine

A

Very effective for some

Approved for MDD (Major Depressive Disorder)

72
Q

BP1

A

Mania + mild to major depressive cycles

73
Q

Mania

A

Overly positive outlook on life
Unrealistic
E.g., go to Vegas because they couldn’t ever lose

74
Q

BP2

A

Hypomania + major depressive cycles
Harder to convince them to seek treatment
Treated with Lithium

75
Q

Hypomania

A

Extreme positive, productivity, and creativity, might not sleep very much
Entirely good thing

76
Q

Pica

A

Desire to eat dirt/non-nutritive thing (e.g., car, mattress)

77
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Self-starvation because of fear of fat

78
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Binge-and-purge

Eat way too much, then self-induce a vomit or eat laxatives

79
Q

Binge-eating Disorder

A

Bulimia without the purge

80
Q

Grouping types

A

By disorder

By type of therapy

81
Q

Family therapy

A

Improve communication within the entire family

82
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Traumatic event induces temporary dissociative fugue

83
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

Gets amnesia, forgets identity and other memories, and aimlessly wanders

84
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

85
Q

Schizophrenia Positive Symptom

A

Excess of behavior

86
Q

Schizophrenia Negative Symptom

A

Absence of behavior

87
Q

Delusion (schizophrenia)

A

False belief

88
Q

Hallucination (schizophrenia)

A

Imaginary sensory perception

89
Q

Alogia (schizophrenia)

A

No speech (negative symptom)

90
Q

Flat Affect (schizophrenia)

A

No emotion (negative symptom)

91
Q

Bio-psychological model (schizophrenia)

A

C4 gene related to excessive synaptic pruning

Leads to schizophrenia

92
Q

Stress-vulnerability model (schizophrenia)

A

Epigenetics, environment turns on the schizophrenia

93
Q

Treatments (schizophrenia)

A

Anti-psychotics + psychotherapy
Use medications to make them interactable
Then permanently fix them with therapy

94
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions

95
Q

ODD/ECCENTRIC TYPE (Cluster A)

A

Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid PD
Schizotypal PD

96
Q

ODD/ECCENTRIC TYPE (Cluster A)

A

Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid PD
Schizotypal PD

97
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

Unwarranted suspiciousness, hypersensitive, easily offender, untrusting

In other words, super paranoid

98
Q

Schizoid PD

A

E.g., extreme loner, emotionally cold and indifferent, prefer social isolation

99
Q

Schizotypal PD

A

Like a witch that lives on the edge of reality

100
Q

DRAMATIC/EMOTIONAL TYPE (Cluster B)

A

Antisocial PD
Borderline PD
Histrionic
Narcissistic PD

101
Q

Antisocial PD

A 
Against social norms and social roles
No morals
No empathy
Usually males
E.g., politicians
102
Q

Borderline PD

A

Moody and unstable
No clear identity
Like bipolar, but instantaneous and more frequent mood swings
Usually females

103
Q

Histrionic

A

Dramatizer and exaggerator

Attention-seeking

104
Q

Narcissistic PD

A

Narcissist
Exploitative, no empathy
Related to Antisocial PD

105
Q

ANXIOUS/FEARFUL TYPE (Cluster C)

A

Avoidant PD
Dependent PD
Obsessive-Compulsive PD

106
Q

Avoidant PD

A

Avoid social interactions/relationships
Don’t want to be alone but too fearful of rejection
Similar to social anxiety disorder but fear of rejection is part of personality itself

107
Q

Dependent PD

A

Total reliance on other people
No initiative
Inferiority complex

108
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive PD

A

Conscientiousness to the extreme
Everything must be perfect
Rigid, controlled, exact

109
Q

Roger’s Person-Centered Therapy (personality disorders)

A

Humanistic

  1. Unconditional positive regard
  2. Reflect (paraphrase their thoughts, value them)
  3. Empathy (put oneself in their shoes)
  4. Authenticity (seem authentic)

Psychology Test 2 (7 decks)

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