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Psychology Test 2 > Chapter 12 - Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Psychology (definition)

A

Study of how thoughts and behaviors are influenced by the presence of other humans

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2
Q

Social influence

A

Process of acting under others’ influence

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3
Q

Forms of social influence

A

Conformity
Compliance
Obedience

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4
Q

Conformity

A

Change behavior without being asked

E.g., cultural norms

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5
Q

Normative social conformity

A

Just try to fit in and adhere to the norm

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6
Q

Informational social conformity

A

Others know more than you, so you follow them because you don’t know what’s going on

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7
Q

Groupthink

A

When maintaining group consensus is more important than assessing facts

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8
Q

Compliance

A

Changing behavior because of other people asking for a change

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9
Q

4 ways to gain compliance

A

Foot-in-the-door
Door-in-the-face
Lowball
That’s-not-all

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10
Q

Foot-in-the-door technique

A

Traveling salesman
Do small ask of “moment of time”
Then pitch big ask of $$$

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11
Q

Door-in-the-face technique

A

Salesman asks for large commitment (big ask)
You say no
Then, salesman offers you small commitment
You thus say yes
E.g., salary negotiation

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12
Q

Lowball technique

A

Person agrees to buy something but cost gets progressively raised
E.g., Netflix subscription, movie theater parking fee, etc.

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13
Q

That’s-not-all technique

A

Infomercial

Definition in the name

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14
Q

Norm of Reciprocity

A

Social idea that one is indebted to another for doing them a favor (e.g., one will buy the other person lunch if vice versa was already done, to reciprocate)
Not social compliance - no ask

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15
Q

Obedience

A

Changing one’s behavior at the command of a perceived authority figure

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16
Q

Social facilitation

A

Presence of others positively impacts performance on easy task
E.g., easy to run with others outdoors than alone on the treadmill

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17
Q

Social impairment

A

Presence of others negatively impacts performance on difficult task
E.g., harder to learn stick shift around others

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18
Q

Social loafing

A

Presence of others makes it more likely one will be a slacker
E.g., deadweight in a group project - the others will do their part, so why bother?

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19
Q

Attitude

A

Positive or negative response toward a thing

Either + or -, neutral not possible

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20
Q

3 components of attitude

A

Affective (emotional)
Cognitive
Behavioral

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21
Q

Affective (emotional) component (attitudes)

A

How one feels about the thing

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22
Q

Cognitive component (attitudes)

A

How one thinks about the thing

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23
Q

Behavioral component (attitudes)

A

How one acts toward the thing

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24
Q

Direct contact (attitudes)

A

Firsthand experience with thing

Best method of forming attitudes

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25
Q

Direct instruction (attitudes)

A

Secondhand experience with the thing

Not as good unless it’s something dangerous, like crack

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26
Q

Interaction w/ others (attitudes)

A

Form attitudes based on those of those around you

E.g., you start to like country music because all your friends like country music (also conformity)

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27
Q

Observational learning

A

E.g., adopt grandparents’ attitudes toward different people by imitating their attitudes

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28
Q

Steps of Persuasion

A
  1. Know your audience (smart, dumb, adults, children, etc.)
  2. Put together message/argument
  3. Decide who will deliver the argument (source)
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29
Q

Source (persuasion)

A

Person who delivers the message/argument

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30
Q

Elaboration likelihood model (ELM)

A

People either elaborate (think carefully) about a persuasive message or not

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31
Q

Peripheral-route processing

A

Don’t think about facts or message, distract with other stuff
E.g., Budweiser commercials focus on partying and social aspects, so no one considers the quality of the beer itself

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32
Q

Central-route processing

A

Appeal to the brain
Persuade with the message itself
E.g., beer commercial that shows exactly what is in the beer

33
Q

Response to Cognitive Dissonance

A
  1. Change the behavior (stop smoking)
  2. Change the cognition (decide smoking isn’t that bad)
  3. Form new cognition (rationalize - realize it is bad, but justify it by stating they live healthily)
34
Q

Social cognition

A

Mental processes used to make sense of the social world

35
Q

Schemas

A

Mental concept of a thing

36
Q

Stereotypes

A

Mental picture or assumption of what a thing is

37
Q

Impression formation

A

Can be clouded by stereotype one has about a person

38
Q

Primacy effect

A

First impression is incredibly strong

Takes a long time to change

39
Q

Attributions

A

Process of explaining/attributing behavior

40
Q

Dispositional attributions

A

Attribute behavior to their disposition/character/personality
E.g., behavior is due to their generous/cruel character

41
Q

Situational attributions

A

Attribute behavior to a situation

E.g., behavior is attributed to an emergency, need to impress somebody nearby, etc.

42
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Tendency to overestimate internal factors and underestimate external factors in the behaviors of others
E.g., yelling at “bad drivers” who might have a valid excuse

43
Q

Prejudice

A 
Negative attitude toward members of a social group
Always negative (positive version is called bias)
44
Q

Discrimination

A

Actual treatment of people different because of prejudice

Not all prejudiced people discriminate

45
Q

In-groups vs out-groups

A

Out-groups are the groups that are “othered”

46
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

Attitudes are acquired through direct instruction, modeling, and other social influences
E.g., peers, hometowns, etc.

47
Q

Social identity theory

A

A person’s identity is formed within a particular social group
E.g., young teen identifies with rock-and-roll

48
Q

Realistic conflict theory

A

Conflict between groups over real, tangible things (usually land)
E.g., international land conflicts, immigrants coming to “take your jobs”, etc.

49
Q

Scapegoating

A

Can’t taken anger out on individual, as it is too powerful, so scapegoat someone else
E.g., Rodney King riots occurred against Koreans

50
Q

Interpersonal attraction factors

A

Physical att**iveness
Proximity (people that surround you grow on you)
Opposite-ness

51
Q

Reciprocity of liking

A

Tendency of people to like other people who like them first

52
Q

Love

A

Strong affection for another due to kinship, personal ties, se**al attraction, admiration, or common interests

53
Q

Researcher who studied love

A

Sternberg

54
Q

Physical aggression v relational aggression

A

Done more by males/females, respectively

55
Q

Microaggression

A

Indirect, subtle, or unintentional discrimination against members of a marginalized group
Can by unintentional and well-intentioned
E.g., assuming someone does not speak English, ask where they are really from, etc.

56
Q

Romantic Love

A

Passion + intimacy

57
Q

Infatuation

A

Passion

58
Q

Liking

A

Intimacy

59
Q

Fatuous Love

A

Passion + Commitment

60
Q

Empty Love

A

Commitment

61
Q

Companionate

A

Intimacy + Commitment

62
Q

Consummate Love

A

Intimacy + Passion + Commitment

63
Q

Passion

A

Liking

64
Q

Passion + Commitment

A

Fatuous Love

65
Q

Passion + Intimacy

A

Romantic Love

66
Q

Commitment + Intimacy

A

Companionate

67
Q

Commitment

A

Empty Love

68
Q

Intimacy

A

Liking

69
Q

Intimacy + Passion + Commitment

A

Consummate Love

70
Q

Prosocial behavior

A

Socially desirable behavior that benefits others
Not necessarily altruism
E.g., donate to charity but get tax benefits

71
Q

Altruism

A

Prosocial behavior done with no expectation of reward, may involve risk of harm to self
E.g., taking a bullet for a friend, diving into a pool to save a child

72
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Person’s failure to take responsibility because of the presence of others who are seen to share this responsibility
Related to bystander effect

73
Q

Bystander effect (explanation)

A

Diffusion of responsibility

74
Q

Cult conversion tactics

A

Love-bombing, isolation, rituals, etc.

Stop recruit from critical thinking

75
Q

Love-bombing

A

Total love and acceptance of everything about the inductee

76
Q

Isolate

A

Isolate inductee from family/friends

77
Q

Characteristics of cult recruits

A

Under stress, unhappy, gullible, dependent, want to belong
No less able-minded than normal people
Usually possess transient (temporary) characteristics like stress

78
Q

Cult leader

A

Singular and all-powerful

E.g., Jim Jones

Psychology Test 2 (7 decks)

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