Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is self-concept?

A

The basis of self-understanding
- Answering the question, who am I?

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2
Q

Self-awareness evolves in large part through…

A

social interactions

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3
Q

Cooley (1902) introduced the ______ - ________ self. Name and define.

A

Looking-Glass self = self as an outcome of people’s assumptions about how others view them

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4
Q

When does self-concept begin to develop?

A

Infancy → child distinguishes between body and everything else, recognizes boundaries exist

  • cannot recognize a photo of themselves until 2 yrs old
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5
Q

What are the first two aspects of self that people learn to identify and associate with themselves?

A

Sex and age

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6
Q

From ages 3-12, children focus on what aspect of self?

A

Interests and talents, work on developing them

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7
Q

From 5 years old onwards, children begin to engage in what?

A

social comparison = compare developed skills to those of others
- also begin to lie and keep secrets, discover private self-concept = hidden self

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8
Q

When does the looking self develop?

A

Teen years – this is when we gain perspective of how we appear to others

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9
Q

What is objective self-awareness?

A

seeing yourself as an object of others’ attention

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10
Q

What is self-concept?

A

a framework for understanding that guides how people process information about themselves

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11
Q

What is a self-schema?

A

cognitive representation of self-concept

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12
Q

What is a self-schemata?

A

Different from the schema, looking at possible selves = describes the many ideas people have about who they might become, who they hope to become, or who they will become

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13
Q

Define actual self.

A

who people believe they are

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14
Q

ideal self

A

one’s perception of who they should and would like to become

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15
Q

ought self

A

the self that is concerned with being who others want them to be

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16
Q

Which two selves function as self-guides?

A

Ideal and ought selves – they represent standards a person uses to organize information and motivate the right behavior

17
Q

If there is a large discrepancy between your ideal and actual self could increase..

A

anxiety, sadness, and shame

18
Q

What is the possible self?

A

represents ideas of who you might become, what they would like to become, and who they are afraid of becoming

19
Q

What is the lost possible self?

A

What might have been

20
Q

What is the evaluative component of the self?

A

self-esteem offers a general evaluation of self-concept

  • this can vary from day to day and hour to hour
  • People evaluate themselves positively, and negatively in different areas of life → self-esteem correlates throughout different areas where you evaluate yourself
21
Q

How do people with low self-esteem typically move forward after experiencing failure?

A

More likely to perform poorly moving forward and more likely to abandon tasks
- avoid failure at all costs, fearful

22
Q

The nature of identity has two key features. What are they?

A
  1. Continuity = people can count on you to be the same person tomorrow
    as you are today
  2. Contrast = Your social identity differentiates you from others and
    makes you unique in the eyes of others
23
Q

According to Erikson, identity can be achieved in several ways…

A
  1. Experimenting with different identites
  2. Adopitng a ready-made social role
24
Q

Who coined the term “identity crisis”?

A

Erikson

25
Q

Define identity crisis.

A

the anxiety that
accompanies efforts to define or redefine one’s individuality and social reputation

26
Q

What are two distinct types of identity crises?

A
  1. Identity deficit = arises when a person has not formed an adequate identity and thus
    has trouble making significant decisions
  2. Identity conflict = Involves an incompatibility between two or more aspects of identity
27
Q

How do you resolve identity crises?

A
  1. People decide which values are most important to them
  2. People transform abstract values into desires and actual behaviors
28
Q

What is narrative identity?

A

the internalized and evolving story of the self

29
Q

What are life story accounts?

A

structured interviews of open-ended written questions