Chapter 11: Motives and Personality

Question 1

What are motives?

Answer 1

Internal state that arouses and directs behavior toward a specific object or goal

Question 2

Motives operate through…

Answer 2

conscious or unconscious mental processes that generate intrapsychic influence on behavior

Question 3

Motives are caused by a lack of something otherwise known as a

Answer 3

deficit

Question 4

Motives are typically based on

Answer 4

needs = states of tension within a person

Question 5

What happens when a need is satisfied?

Answer 5

state of tension is reduced

Question 6

Do some motives operate outside of awareness?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What is Henry Murray’s Theory of Needs?

Answer 7

He defines a need as the readiness to respond in certain ways under certain circumstances

• Needs organize perception, guiding us to see what we want or need to see
• Needs organize action by compelling a person to do what is necessary to satisfy a need
• Needs refer to states of tension and satisfying a need reduces tension

Question 8

Murray proposed a list of what?

Answer 8

fundamental human needs associated with a specific desire or intention, a particular set of emotions, and specific action tendencies

Question 9

What is apperception?

Answer 9

the act of interpreting the environment and perceiving the meaning of what is going on in a situation

Question 10

What does TAT stand for?

Answer 10

Thematic Apperception Test

Question 11

What is a Thematic Apperception Test?

Answer 11

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

• Presumed that a person projects his/her current needs in the interpretation of a picture

Question 12

TAT Vs. Questionnaire Measures of Motives

Answer 12

TAT
- A person’s unconscious desires, aspirations, and needs
- Predict long-term and spontaneous behavioral trends over time

QUESTIONNAIRE MEASURES
- Reflects a person’s self-awareness of conscious motives
- Better predictor of responses to immediate and specific situations

Question 13

What are the Big Three Motives?

Answer 13

1. Need for Achievement
2. Need for Power
3. Need for Intimacy

Question 14

Need for Achievement is the…

Answer 14

desire for accomplishment, mastery of people, ideas, things, desire for reaching a high standard

Question 15

What are some characteristics of the need for achievement?

Answer 15

• Prefer activities that are slightly challenging
• Enjoy tasks in which they are personally responsible for the outcome
• Prefer tasks in which feedback on their performance is available

Question 16

Need for Power is the…

Answer 16

a tendency to seek impact, control, or influence over others and to be seen as a powerful individual

• Exhibits stronger stress response
• Men exhibit more impulsive and aggressive behaviors
• Tend to control ppl and situations

Question 17

Need for Intimacy is the…

Answer 17

recurrent preference or readiness for warm, close, and communicative interaction with others

• Spend more time during day thinking about relationships
• Report more pleasant e,ptions when they are around other ppl
• Smile, laugh, an make more eye contact
• Start up conversations more frequently
• Start up conversations more frequently and write more letters

Question 18

True or False: Women report a higher need for intimacy

Answer 18

True

Question 19

When does the humanistic tradition emerge?

Answer 19

Third wave in American Psychology

Question 20

What is the focus of humanistic tradition?

Answer 20

*counteracts to psychoanalytic and behavioral traditions

• Emphasis is on the conscious awareness of needs,
  choice, and personal responsibility
• Emphasis is on the human need for growth and
  realizing one’s full potential
• Focuses on growth instead of deficiency

Question 21

Who is Abraham Maslow?

Answer 21

Creates a hierarchy of needs, where the highest level = is where our personal potential is fully realized after basic bodily and ego needs have been fulfilled
- look at ss photo

• he believes peak experiences → should be happening on a regular/daily basis for people
• Wonderful moments of happiness or transcendence or awe

Question 22

Who is Carl Rogers?

Answer 22

Striving to actualize and perfect the self
- Goal: Full-functioning person → doesn’t solve problems for clients, but gently returns to them and helps guide them to settle upon a conclusion
- Spontaneous, Reflective, Trusting, Confident, and Self-reliant

Question 23

What are Roger’s contributions?

Answer 23

Client-centered therapy = designed to get a person back on path toward self-actualization

• Many parents and significant others place conditions of worth on when one will receive positive regard
• Must receive unconditional positive regard from parents and significant others to develop positive self-regard
• Anxiety results when people get off-track in pursuit of self-actualization

Question 24

What are the three conditions for therapeutic progress?

Answer 24

1. Genuine acceptance of the client by therapist
2. Unconditional positive regard for client
3. Empathetic understanding – client must feel that the therapist understands him or her