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Medical Terminology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

what is gestational?

A

term used for type of diabetes that occurs only during pregnancy

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2
Q

what is glycogen?

A

name for the sugar stored in skeletal muscles or in the liver

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3
Q

what is melatonin?

A

the pineal gland secretes this hormone to maintain the body’s internal sleep clock

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4
Q

what is glucagon?

A

pancreatic hormone that breaks down sugar stored in the liver and skeletal muscles

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5
Q

what is hypoglycemia?

A

low glucose level in the blood

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6
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

the body in a steady state of balance

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7
Q

what gland is the pituitary gland considered?

A

master gland of the body

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8
Q

what does the thymus do?

A

secretes the hormones known as thymosins

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9
Q

what causes dwarfism?

A

hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty

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10
Q

what is gigantism?

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty

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11
Q

what does the parathyroid glands do?

A

regulates the amount of calcium in the blood

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12
Q

what does the hypothalamus make?

A

ADH and oxytocin are made in this gland

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13
Q

what does the pancreas look like and where is it located?

A

elongated, triangular, somewhat lumpy gland located posterior to the stomach

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14
Q

what is insulin?

A

hormone secreted by the pancreas

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15
Q

what does the thyroid do?

A

regulates metabolism by secretion

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16
Q

what is epinphrine?

A

hormone of the endocrine system and a neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

what is goiter?

A

progressive, chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland

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18
Q

aden/o-

A

gland

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19
Q

glandul/o-

A

gland

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20
Q

thyr/o-

A

thyroid gland

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21
Q

thyroid/o-

A

thyroid gland

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22
Q

recept/o-

A

receive

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23
Q

hirsut/o-

A

hairy

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24
Q

andr/o-

A

male

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25
Q

-edema

A

suffix: swelling

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26
Q

viril/o-

A

masculine

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27
Q

crin/o-

A

secrete

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28
Q

erg/o-

A

activity; work

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29
Q

chrom/o-

A

color

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30
Q

hypophys/o-

A

pituitary gland

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31
Q

tox/o-

A

poison

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32
Q

dips/o-

A

thirst

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33
Q

estr/o-

A

female

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34
Q

phe/o-

A

gray

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35
Q

-gen

A

suffix

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36
Q

somat/o-

A

body

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37
Q

trop/o-

A

having an affinity with

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38
Q

what is the primary function of the endocrine system?

A

produce hormones that work together to maintain homeostasis

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39
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

process of the body maintaining a constant internal environment

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40
Q

what are hormones?

A

chemical messengers

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41
Q

what secretes hormones? and where do they go?

A

endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

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42
Q

what does the secretion of hormones enable?

A

enable hormones to reach targeted cells and organs throughout the body

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43
Q

what do endocrine glands produce?

A

produce hormones

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44
Q

what do the endocrine glands not have?

A

do not have ducts

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45
Q

how many major glands make up the endocrine system?

A

13 major glands

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46
Q

what are the 13 major glands of the endocrine system?

A

o Pituitary gland
o Pineal gland
o Thyroid gland
o Parathyroid glands
o Thymus
o Pancreas
o Adrenal glands
o Gonads

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47
Q

how many lobes is the pituitary gland divided into?

A

divided into 2 lobes

48
Q

what is the pineal gland also known as?

A

also known as the pineal body

49
Q

how many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4 glands

50
Q

how many adrenal glands are there?

A

2 glands

51
Q

what do exocrine glands send? and in what form?

A

send chemical substances in the form of tears, sweat, milk, and saliva

52
Q

where do the exocrine glands send the chemical substances?

A

through ducts to the outside of the body

53
Q

why do exocrine glands send chemical substances outside the body?

A

because these glands do have ducts that need to secrete sweat, saliva, or other

54
Q

adren/o-

A

adrenal gland

55
Q

what is the thyroid shaped as?

A

shaped as a butterfly

56
Q

where does the thyroid gland lie?

A

lies in the neck on either side of the trachea

57
Q

what does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

secretes thyroxine

58
Q

are parathyroid glands big or small?

A

small

59
Q

where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

posterior side of the thyroid gland

60
Q

what does the parathyroid gland secrete? and what does it do?

A

Secretes parathyroid hormone of PTH or parathormone helps regulate calcium in the bones and bloodstream

61
Q

where are adrenal glands located?

A

on the top of each kidney

62
Q

what is the outer portion of the adrenal glands called?

A

adrenal cortex

63
Q

what does the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

64
Q

what does cortisol do?

A

increases blood sugar

65
Q

what does aldosterone do?

A

increases reabsorption of sodium by the kidney tubules

66
Q

what is the adrenal medulla?

A

the inner section of the adrenal glands

67
Q

what does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

68
Q

what is the pancreas shaped as?

A

a feather

69
Q

where is the pancreas located? what its function?

A

posterior to the stomach that functions as part of both the digestive and the endocrine systems

70
Q

what are pancreatic islets?

A

parts of the pancreas that have endocrine functions

71
Q

what hormone is secreted by the pancreatic islets?

A

insulin

72
Q

where is the pituitary gland located?

A

at the base of the brain in the stella turcica; hypophysis

73
Q

what is the pituitary known as? what does it control?

A

master gland; controls several endocrine glands

74
Q

what does ACTH stand for?

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

75
Q

what does ACTH do?

A

Stimulates secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex

76
Q

what does the posterior pituitary gland do?

A

stores and releases two hormones synthesized in
the hypothalamus

77
Q

what does ADH stand for?

A

Antidiuretic hormone

78
Q

what does ADH do?

A

stimulates water reabsorption by kidney tubules; decreases urine

79
Q

where are the ovaries located?

A

located in the lower abdominal region of a female

80
Q

what do the ovaries produce?

A

Produce female gamete, the ovum, and hormones that regulate menstrual cycle

81
Q

what do estradiol and progesterone do?

A

develops and maintains the female’s sex characteristics

82
Q

where are the testes located?

A

Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a
male

83
Q

what i Thyrotoxicosis also known as?

A

Grave’s Disease

84
Q

what is Thyrotoxicosis?

A

overactivity of the thyroid gland

85
Q

what is goiter?

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

86
Q

what is hyperthyroidism?

A

overactive thyroid gland (thyrotoxicosis)

87
Q

what does hyperthyroidism cause?

A

Causes exophthalmos

88
Q

what is exophthalmos?

A

enlargement and bulging of the eyeballs

89
Q

what is myxedema?

A

advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood

90
Q

what is cretinism?

A

extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood

91
Q

what is thyroid carcinoma?

A

malignant tumor of an endocrine gland in the neck

92
Q

what is cushing syndrome?

A

a group of symptoms produced by an excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex

93
Q

what is Addison’s disease?

A

hypo-functioning of the adrenal cortex (under active!!!)

94
Q

what is Diabetes mellitus

A

insulin deficiency or resistance leading to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis

95
Q

what does DM stand for?

A

Diabetes mellitus

96
Q

what is ketoacidosis?

A

fats are improperly burned, leading to accumulation of ketones in the body

97
Q

what is acromegaly?

A

enlargement of extremities caused by excessive growth hormone after puberty

98
Q

what does DI stand for?

A

Diabetes insipidus

99
Q

what is Diabetes insipidus?

A

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone

100
Q

what does GTT stand for?

A

Glucose Tolerance Test

101
Q

what is a Glucose Tolerance Test?

A

used to diagnose prediabetes and gestational diabetes;
measures levels of sugar in the blood

102
Q

what is a thyroid scan?

A

Radioactive compound is given and localized in the thyroid gland

103
Q

-crine

A

suffix: to secrete

104
Q

-dipsia

A

suffix: thirst

105
Q

-gen

A

suffix: producer

106
Q

what are the two meanings of the abbreviation DI?

A

diabetes insipidus; diagnostic imaging

107
Q

what does DM stand for?

A

diabetes mellitus

108
Q

what does FSH stand for?

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

109
Q

what does GH stand for?

A

growth hormone

110
Q

what does LH stand for?

A

luteinizing hormone

111
Q

what does PTH stand for?

A

parathyroid hormone; also called parathormone

112
Q

what does TFT stand for?

A

thyroid function test

113
Q

what does TSH stand for?

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

114
Q

calc/o-

A

calcium

115
Q

glycos/-

A

sugar

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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