Chapter 14 Flashcards
1
Q
what is gestational?
A
term used for type of diabetes that occurs only during pregnancy
2
Q
what is glycogen?
A
name for the sugar stored in skeletal muscles or in the liver
3
Q
what is melatonin?
A
the pineal gland secretes this hormone to maintain the body’s internal sleep clock
4
Q
what is glucagon?
A
pancreatic hormone that breaks down sugar stored in the liver and skeletal muscles
5
Q
what is hypoglycemia?
A
low glucose level in the blood
6
Q
what is homeostasis?
A
the body in a steady state of balance
7
Q
what gland is the pituitary gland considered?
A
master gland of the body
8
Q
what does the thymus do?
A
secretes the hormones known as thymosins
9
Q
what causes dwarfism?
A
hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty
10
Q
what is gigantism?
A
hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty
11
Q
what does the parathyroid glands do?
A
regulates the amount of calcium in the blood
12
Q
what does the hypothalamus make?
A
ADH and oxytocin are made in this gland
13
Q
what does the pancreas look like and where is it located?
A
elongated, triangular, somewhat lumpy gland located posterior to the stomach
14
Q
what is insulin?
A
hormone secreted by the pancreas
15
Q
what does the thyroid do?
A
regulates metabolism by secretion
16
Q
what is epinphrine?
A
hormone of the endocrine system and a neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system
17
Q
what is goiter?
A
progressive, chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland
18
Q
aden/o-
A
gland
19
Q
glandul/o-
A
gland
20
Q
thyr/o-
A
thyroid gland
21
Q
thyroid/o-
A
thyroid gland
22
Q
recept/o-
A
receive
23
Q
hirsut/o-
A
hairy
24
Q
andr/o-
A
male
25
-edema
suffix: swelling
26
viril/o-
masculine
27
crin/o-
secrete
28
erg/o-
activity; work
29
chrom/o-
color
30
hypophys/o-
pituitary gland
31
tox/o-
poison
32
dips/o-
thirst
33
estr/o-
female
34
phe/o-
gray
35
-gen
suffix
36
somat/o-
body
37
trop/o-
having an affinity with
38
what is the primary function of the endocrine system?
produce hormones that work together to maintain homeostasis
39
what is homeostasis?
process of the body maintaining a constant internal environment
40
what are hormones?
chemical messengers
41
what secretes hormones? and where do they go?
endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood stream
42
what does the secretion of hormones enable?
enable hormones to reach targeted cells and organs throughout the body
43
what do endocrine glands produce?
produce hormones
44
what do the endocrine glands not have?
do not have ducts
45
how many major glands make up the endocrine system?
13 major glands
46
what are the 13 major glands of the endocrine system?
o Pituitary gland
o Pineal gland
o Thyroid gland
o Parathyroid glands
o Thymus
o Pancreas
o Adrenal glands
o Gonads
47
how many lobes is the pituitary gland divided into?
divided into 2 lobes
48
what is the pineal gland also known as?
also known as the pineal body
49
how many parathyroid glands are there?
4 glands
50
how many adrenal glands are there?
2 glands
51
what do exocrine glands send? and in what form?
send chemical substances in the form of tears, sweat, milk, and saliva
52
where do the exocrine glands send the chemical substances?
through ducts to the outside of the body
53
why do exocrine glands send chemical substances outside the body?
because these glands do have ducts that need to secrete sweat, saliva, or other
54
adren/o-
adrenal gland
55
what is the thyroid shaped as?
shaped as a butterfly
56
where does the thyroid gland lie?
lies in the neck on either side of the trachea
57
what does the thyroid gland secrete?
secretes thyroxine
58
are parathyroid glands big or small?
small
59
where are the parathyroid glands located?
posterior side of the thyroid gland
60
what does the parathyroid gland secrete? and what does it do?
Secretes parathyroid hormone of PTH or parathormone helps regulate calcium in the bones and bloodstream
61
where are adrenal glands located?
on the top of each kidney
62
what is the outer portion of the adrenal glands called?
adrenal cortex
63
what does the adrenal cortex secrete?
cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
64
what does cortisol do?
increases blood sugar
65
what does aldosterone do?
increases reabsorption of sodium by the kidney tubules
66
what is the adrenal medulla?
the inner section of the adrenal glands
67
what does the adrenal medulla secrete?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
68
what is the pancreas shaped as?
a feather
69
where is the pancreas located? what its function?
posterior to the stomach that functions as part of both the digestive and the endocrine systems
70
what are pancreatic islets?
parts of the pancreas that have endocrine functions
71
what hormone is secreted by the pancreatic islets?
insulin
72
where is the pituitary gland located?
at the base of the brain in the stella turcica; hypophysis
73
what is the pituitary known as? what does it control?
master gland; controls several endocrine glands
74
what does ACTH stand for?
adrenocorticotropic hormone
75
what does ACTH do?
Stimulates secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex
76
what does the posterior pituitary gland do?
stores and releases two hormones synthesized in
the hypothalamus
77
what does ADH stand for?
Antidiuretic hormone
78
what does ADH do?
stimulates water reabsorption by kidney tubules; decreases urine
79
where are the ovaries located?
located in the lower abdominal region of a female
80
what do the ovaries produce?
Produce female gamete, the ovum, and hormones that regulate menstrual cycle
81
what do estradiol and progesterone do?
develops and maintains the female's sex characteristics
82
where are the testes located?
Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a
male
83
what i Thyrotoxicosis also known as?
Grave's Disease
84
what is Thyrotoxicosis?
overactivity of the thyroid gland
85
what is goiter?
enlargement of the thyroid gland
86
what is hyperthyroidism?
overactive thyroid gland (thyrotoxicosis)
87
what does hyperthyroidism cause?
Causes exophthalmos
88
what is exophthalmos?
enlargement and bulging of the eyeballs
89
what is myxedema?
advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood
90
what is cretinism?
extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood
91
what is thyroid carcinoma?
malignant tumor of an endocrine gland in the neck
92
what is cushing syndrome?
a group of symptoms produced by an excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
93
what is Addison's disease?
hypo-functioning of the adrenal cortex (under active!!!)
94
what is Diabetes mellitus
insulin deficiency or resistance leading to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis
95
what does DM stand for?
Diabetes mellitus
96
what is ketoacidosis?
fats are improperly burned, leading to accumulation of ketones in the body
97
what is acromegaly?
enlargement of extremities caused by excessive growth hormone after puberty
98
what does DI stand for?
Diabetes insipidus
99
what is Diabetes insipidus?
insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone
100
what does GTT stand for?
Glucose Tolerance Test
101
what is a Glucose Tolerance Test?
used to diagnose prediabetes and gestational diabetes;
measures levels of sugar in the blood
102
what is a thyroid scan?
Radioactive compound is given and localized in the thyroid gland
103
-crine
suffix: to secrete
104
-dipsia
suffix: thirst
105
-gen
suffix: producer
106
what are the two meanings of the abbreviation DI?
diabetes insipidus; diagnostic imaging
107
what does DM stand for?
diabetes mellitus
108
what does FSH stand for?
follicle-stimulating hormone
109
what does GH stand for?
growth hormone
110
what does LH stand for?
luteinizing hormone
111
what does PTH stand for?
parathyroid hormone; also called parathormone
112
what does TFT stand for?
thyroid function test
113
what does TSH stand for?
thyroid-stimulating hormone
114
calc/o-
calcium
115
glycos/-
sugar
