Chapter 10: Flashcards
align/o-
arranged in a straight line
-ment
suffix: action; state
alg/o-
pain
extra-
prefix: outside of
corpor/o-
body
-eal
suffix: pertaining to
inter-
prefix: between
-verse
suffix: to travel; to turn
malac/o-
softening
-ia
suffix: condition state thing
pariet/o-
wall of cavity
fixat/o-
to make stable or still
alges/o-
sensation of pain
-centesis
suffix: procedure to puncture
meta-
prefix: after; subsequent to; transition; change
carp/o-
wrist
tars/o-
ankle
articul/o-
joint
what is maxilla?
maxilla is the upper jaw bone
what is the humerus?
long upper arm bone
what does the muscular system do?
the muscular system moves the bony framework of the body
how many types of muscles are there?
3 types of muscles:
- skeletal muscles
- cardiac muscles
- smooth mucles
What do skeletal muscles provide?
provide the means by which the body can move
what type of muscle is skeletal muscles?
are voluntary muscles
What do the skeletal muscles do?
contract and relax in response to conscious thought
describe skeletal muscles
skeletal muscles are:
- striated
- show bands of color when examined under the microscope
what does the cardiac muscle do?
pumps blood through the circulatory system
what type of muscle is cardiac muscle?
cardiac muscle is an involuntary muscle that is not under control
what type of muscles is smooth muscles?
smooth muscles are involuntary, non-striated muscles
what do smooth muscles form? and where do they form?
form a continuous, thin layer in various organs and structures
what do smooth muscles do?
decrease the diameter of blood vessels and propel food through the stomach and intestines
each muscle has what?
each muscle has distinct beginning and ending points
where is the beginning point?
where the muscle attaches to a stationary or nearly stationary bone of the skeleton
where is the ending point?
where the muscle attaches to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts and relaxes
what do many muscles do?
many muscles cross a joint
what is each muscle wrapped in?
wrapped in fascia
what is fascia?
a thin, connective tissue that also joins to the tendon
what is the largest tendon or major tendon in the body?
The Achilles tendon
what does the Achilles tendon do?
attaches the large calf muscle to the heel bone
what is Bursa?
a fluid-filled sac
what does Bursa do?
decreases friction where a tendon rubs against a bone or a muscle ribs across other muscles
what is Aponeurosis?
a flat, wide, white sheet of fibrous tissue
what does Aponeurosis do?
attaches a muscle to a bone
what do the muscle names describe?
describe where the muscle is located, what shape it is, what size it is, or what action it performs
why do muscles function in pairs?
muscles function in pairs to produce movement
what does ROM stand for?
range of motion
what are some opposite movements controlled by muscle pairs?
- flexion and extension
- abduction and adduction
- supination and pronation
(there are more on the notes but these are highlighted)
What is Acetylcholine?
a chemical messenger
what does Acetylcholine do?
moves across the neuromuscular junction and acts as a key to unlock receptors on the muscle fiber `
what is each muscle fiber connected to?
connected to a single nerve cell at the neuromuscular junction
what is Atrophy?
loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles
what causes Avulsion?
when a muscle tears away from a tendon or a tendon tears away from a bone
what is a muscle spasm?
a painful, temporary condition characterized by sudden, severe, involuntary prolonged contracture of a muscle
what is a muscle sprain?
a torn ligament
what is Torticollis?
a disorder that causes a tightening of neck muscles usually unilaterally; pulls skull toward shoulder
what is Ataxa?
poor coordination of the muscles especially during gait
what is Bradykinesia?
abnormally slow skeletal muscle movement
what is Dyskinesia?
abnormal motions due to difficulty controlling voluntary muscles
what is a Tremor?
small involuntary, sometimes jerky back & forth movement of the head, neck, jaw, or extremities
what is Orthopedics (muscular)?
the healthcare specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the muscular and skeletal systems and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat muscular and skeletal diseases
how many skeletal muscles are there in the body?
There are approximately 700 skeletal muscles in the body, as well as tendons and other structures of the muscular system
where are skeletal muscles located?
Some skeletal muscles are visible on the surface of the body while others are located more deeply
what are all the muscles in the body or in one part of the body referred to as?
referred to as the musculature
what is the muscular system often referred to as?
often referred to as the musculoskeletal system
why is the muscular system referred to as the musculoskeletal system?
because without the muscles, the bones would not be able to move, and, without the bones, the muscles would lack support
what are the muscles of the head and neck?
- Frontalis muscle
- Temporalis muscle
- Orbicularis oculi
- Masseter muscle
- Buccinator
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Platysma
what are the muscles of the shoulder, chest, and back?
- Deltoid muscle
- Pectoralis major muscle
- Intercostal muscles
- Trapezius muscle
- Latissimus dorsi muscle
what are the muscles of the arms and hands?
- Biceps brachii muscle
- Triceps brachii muscle
- Brachioradialis muscle
- Thenar muscles
what are the muscles of the abdomen?
- External oblique muscle
- Internal oblique muscle
- Rectus abdominis muscle
what are the muscles of the anterior leg?
- Rectus femoris muscle
- Sartorius muscle
- Tibialis anterior muscle
what are the muscles of the buttocks and posterior leg?
- Gluteus maximus muscle
- Gastrocnemius muscle
- Peroneal longus muscle
how many bones, cartilage, and ligaments is the skeletal system composed of?
Composed of 206 bones, cartilage, and ligaments
what are some other names the skeletal system is known as?
known as the skeletomuscular system and the musculoskeletal system
what does the Axial Skeleton form?
forms the central bony structure of the body around which other parts move
what are the bones of the head?
- Cranium
- Facial bones
how many bones is the cranium composed of?
The cranium is composed of 8 bones
how many bones are in the face?
there are 14 bones in the face
what does the chest contain?
the chest contains the thorax
what is the thorax?
a bony cage known as the rib cage
what is within the thorax?
the thoracic cavity
what does the thoracic cavity contain?
contains the heart, lungs, and other structures
what is the sternum also known as?
also known as the breast bone
where is the sternum located?
in the center of the naterior thorax
what is the manubrium?
the triangular, most superior part of the sternum
what is xiphoid process?
he small tip at the inferior end of the chest
what is a vertical column of bones known as?
known as the spinal column or vertebral column
what is the vertical column of bones composed of?
Composed of 26 individual vertebrae, plus the sacrum, and the coccyx
what does the vertical column of bones support?
Supports the weight of the head, neck, and chest and protects the spinal cord
how many regions is the spinal column divided into? what are these regions called?
The spinal column is divided into 5 different regions.
* Cervical vertebrae
* Thoracic vertebrae
* Lumbar vertebrae
* Sacrum
* Coccyx
What is the upper arm bone known as?
The upper arm bone is known as humerus
What is it called where tow bones come together?
articulation
What is oseteoblast?
a bone forming cell in growing bones
Name the following bone types:
- spiral
- hairline
- greensticl
What is Gout?
Joint inflammation caused by uric acid crystal deposits in the joint space
What is arthroscopy?
a surgical procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into a joint to visualize the structures of the joint
What is osteosarcoma?
a malignant tumor of the connective tissue and bone
What is Myasthenia?
the weakness, disability of the muscles
What is Osseous tissue?
a type of bone marrow
What is the condition of having a humpback called?
Kyphosis
Where is the Xiphoid process found?
found at the inferior tip of the septum
What is the anatomical name for the shoulder blade?
scapula
What is Ossification?
the process by which cartilage is changed into bone
