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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10: > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Flashcards

1
Q

align/o-

A

arranged in a straight line

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2
Q

-ment

A

suffix: action; state

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3
Q

alg/o-

A

pain

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4
Q

extra-

A

prefix: outside of

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5
Q

corpor/o-

A

body

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6
Q

-eal

A

suffix: pertaining to

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7
Q

inter-

A

prefix: between

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8
Q

-verse

A

suffix: to travel; to turn

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9
Q

malac/o-

A

softening

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10
Q

-ia

A

suffix: condition state thing

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11
Q

pariet/o-

A

wall of cavity

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12
Q

fixat/o-

A

to make stable or still

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13
Q

alges/o-

A

sensation of pain

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14
Q

-centesis

A

suffix: procedure to puncture

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15
Q

meta-

A

prefix: after; subsequent to; transition; change

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16
Q

carp/o-

A

wrist

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17
Q

tars/o-

A

ankle

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18
Q

articul/o-

A

joint

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19
Q

what is maxilla?

A

maxilla is the upper jaw bone

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20
Q

what is the humerus?

A

long upper arm bone

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21
Q

what does the muscular system do?

A

the muscular system moves the bony framework of the body

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22
Q

how many types of muscles are there?

A

3 types of muscles:
- skeletal muscles
- cardiac muscles
- smooth mucles

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23
Q

What do skeletal muscles provide?

A

provide the means by which the body can move

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24
Q

what type of muscle is skeletal muscles?

A

are voluntary muscles

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25
Q

What do the skeletal muscles do?

A

contract and relax in response to conscious thought

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26
Q

describe skeletal muscles

A

skeletal muscles are:
- striated
- show bands of color when examined under the microscope

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27
Q

what does the cardiac muscle do?

A

pumps blood through the circulatory system

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28
Q

what type of muscle is cardiac muscle?

A

cardiac muscle is an involuntary muscle that is not under control

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29
Q

what type of muscles is smooth muscles?

A

smooth muscles are involuntary, non-striated muscles

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30
Q

what do smooth muscles form? and where do they form?

A

form a continuous, thin layer in various organs and structures

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31
Q

what do smooth muscles do?

A

decrease the diameter of blood vessels and propel food through the stomach and intestines

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32
Q

each muscle has what?

A

each muscle has distinct beginning and ending points

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33
Q

where is the beginning point?

A

where the muscle attaches to a stationary or nearly stationary bone of the skeleton

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34
Q

where is the ending point?

A

where the muscle attaches to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts and relaxes

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35
Q

what do many muscles do?

A

many muscles cross a joint

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36
Q

what is each muscle wrapped in?

A

wrapped in fascia

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37
Q

what is fascia?

A

a thin, connective tissue that also joins to the tendon

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38
Q

what is the largest tendon or major tendon in the body?

A

The Achilles tendon

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39
Q

what does the Achilles tendon do?

A

attaches the large calf muscle to the heel bone

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40
Q

what is Bursa?

A

a fluid-filled sac

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41
Q

what does Bursa do?

A

decreases friction where a tendon rubs against a bone or a muscle ribs across other muscles

42
Q

what is Aponeurosis?

A

a flat, wide, white sheet of fibrous tissue

43
Q

what does Aponeurosis do?

A

attaches a muscle to a bone

44
Q

what do the muscle names describe?

A

describe where the muscle is located, what shape it is, what size it is, or what action it performs

45
Q

why do muscles function in pairs?

A

muscles function in pairs to produce movement

46
Q

what does ROM stand for?

A

range of motion

47
Q

what are some opposite movements controlled by muscle pairs?

A
  • flexion and extension
  • abduction and adduction
  • supination and pronation
    (there are more on the notes but these are highlighted)
48
Q

What is Acetylcholine?

A

a chemical messenger

49
Q

what does Acetylcholine do?

A

moves across the neuromuscular junction and acts as a key to unlock receptors on the muscle fiber `

50
Q

what is each muscle fiber connected to?

A

connected to a single nerve cell at the neuromuscular junction

51
Q

what is Atrophy?

A

loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles

52
Q

what causes Avulsion?

A

when a muscle tears away from a tendon or a tendon tears away from a bone

53
Q

what is a muscle spasm?

A

a painful, temporary condition characterized by sudden, severe, involuntary prolonged contracture of a muscle

54
Q

what is a muscle sprain?

A

a torn ligament

55
Q

what is Torticollis?

A

a disorder that causes a tightening of neck muscles usually unilaterally; pulls skull toward shoulder

56
Q

what is Ataxa?

A

poor coordination of the muscles especially during gait

57
Q

what is Bradykinesia?

A

abnormally slow skeletal muscle movement

58
Q

what is Dyskinesia?

A

abnormal motions due to difficulty controlling voluntary muscles

59
Q

what is a Tremor?

A

small involuntary, sometimes jerky back & forth movement of the head, neck, jaw, or extremities

60
Q

what is Orthopedics (muscular)?

A

the healthcare specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the muscular and skeletal systems and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat muscular and skeletal diseases

61
Q

how many skeletal muscles are there in the body?

A

There are approximately 700 skeletal muscles in the body, as well as tendons and other structures of the muscular system

62
Q

where are skeletal muscles located?

A

Some skeletal muscles are visible on the surface of the body while others are located more deeply

63
Q

what are all the muscles in the body or in one part of the body referred to as?

A

referred to as the musculature

64
Q

what is the muscular system often referred to as?

A

often referred to as the musculoskeletal system

65
Q

why is the muscular system referred to as the musculoskeletal system?

A

because without the muscles, the bones would not be able to move, and, without the bones, the muscles would lack support

66
Q

what are the muscles of the head and neck?

A
  • Frontalis muscle
  • Temporalis muscle
  • Orbicularis oculi
  • Masseter muscle
  • Buccinator
  • Sternocleidomastoid muscle
  • Platysma
67
Q

what are the muscles of the shoulder, chest, and back?

A
  • Deltoid muscle
  • Pectoralis major muscle
  • Intercostal muscles
  • Trapezius muscle
  • Latissimus dorsi muscle
68
Q

what are the muscles of the arms and hands?

A
  • Biceps brachii muscle
  • Triceps brachii muscle
  • Brachioradialis muscle
  • Thenar muscles
69
Q

what are the muscles of the abdomen?

A
  • External oblique muscle
  • Internal oblique muscle
  • Rectus abdominis muscle
70
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior leg?

A
  • Rectus femoris muscle
  • Sartorius muscle
  • Tibialis anterior muscle
71
Q

what are the muscles of the buttocks and posterior leg?

A
  • Gluteus maximus muscle
  • Gastrocnemius muscle
  • Peroneal longus muscle
72
Q

how many bones, cartilage, and ligaments is the skeletal system composed of?

A

Composed of 206 bones, cartilage, and ligaments

73
Q

what are some other names the skeletal system is known as?

A

known as the skeletomuscular system and the musculoskeletal system

74
Q

what does the Axial Skeleton form?

A

forms the central bony structure of the body around which other parts move

75
Q

what are the bones of the head?

A
  • Cranium
  • Facial bones
76
Q

how many bones is the cranium composed of?

A

The cranium is composed of 8 bones

77
Q

how many bones are in the face?

A

there are 14 bones in the face

78
Q

what does the chest contain?

A

the chest contains the thorax

79
Q

what is the thorax?

A

a bony cage known as the rib cage

80
Q

what is within the thorax?

A

the thoracic cavity

81
Q

what does the thoracic cavity contain?

A

contains the heart, lungs, and other structures

82
Q

what is the sternum also known as?

A

also known as the breast bone

83
Q

where is the sternum located?

A

in the center of the naterior thorax

84
Q

what is the manubrium?

A

the triangular, most superior part of the sternum

85
Q

what is xiphoid process?

A

he small tip at the inferior end of the chest

86
Q

what is a vertical column of bones known as?

A

known as the spinal column or vertebral column

87
Q

what is the vertical column of bones composed of?

A

Composed of 26 individual vertebrae, plus the sacrum, and the coccyx

88
Q

what does the vertical column of bones support?

A

Supports the weight of the head, neck, and chest and protects the spinal cord

89
Q

how many regions is the spinal column divided into? what are these regions called?

A

The spinal column is divided into 5 different regions.
* Cervical vertebrae
* Thoracic vertebrae
* Lumbar vertebrae
* Sacrum
* Coccyx

90
Q

What is the upper arm bone known as?

A

The upper arm bone is known as humerus

91
Q

What is it called where tow bones come together?

A

articulation

92
Q

What is oseteoblast?

A

a bone forming cell in growing bones

93
Q

Name the following bone types:

A
  • spiral
  • hairline
  • greensticl
94
Q

What is Gout?

A

Joint inflammation caused by uric acid crystal deposits in the joint space

95
Q

What is arthroscopy?

A

a surgical procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into a joint to visualize the structures of the joint

96
Q

What is osteosarcoma?

A

a malignant tumor of the connective tissue and bone

97
Q

What is Myasthenia?

A

the weakness, disability of the muscles

98
Q

What is Osseous tissue?

A

a type of bone marrow

99
Q

What is the condition of having a humpback called?

A

Kyphosis

100
Q

Where is the Xiphoid process found?

A

found at the inferior tip of the septum

101
Q

What is the anatomical name for the shoulder blade?

A

scapula

102
Q

What is Ossification?

A

the process by which cartilage is changed into bone

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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