Chapter 14 Flashcards
personality
a person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
psychodynamic theories
human behavior is a dynamic interaction between the conscious and unconscious.
according to Freud, the mind is made up of what?
conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
conscious
awareness
preconscious
not in conscious awareness, but easily retrieved
(e.g memory)
unconscious
unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and memories
The three components of Freud’s personality theory?
Id, superego, and ego.
Id
basic sexual and aggressive drives
all about me/instant gratification
Superego
internalized ideals and standards for judgement
angel on shoulder
ego
mediates demands of the id and superego
achieve goals/desires in a balanced way
Freud’s 5 stages of personality development
- oral
- anal
- phallic
- latent
- genital
oral (1)
babies derive pleasure by putting things in their mouths
oral fixation examples
sucking thumb, chewing gum, biting nails
anal (2)
pleasure is derived from eliminating from bladder/bowels
anal retentive
kids that hold in it when potty training or when told to go to the bathroom
phallic (3)
derive pleasure from genitals
oedipus complex
boys want to murder their father to have sex with mom
Electra complex
girl wants to kill mom to sleep with father
latent (4)
healthy period with no fixations or fixations have been suppressed.
genital (5)
if there are no fixations on earlier sages, personality will not be affected.
freud’s theory of defense mechanisms is conscious or unconscious?
unconscious
repression
banish anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.
regression
retreat to an earlier more infantile state of development.
reaction formation
ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses to their opposites.
projection
disguise own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.
rationalization
unconsciously generate self-justifying explanation to hide self from real reason of actions
displacement
shift sexual/aggressive impulses toward more acceptable/less threatening objects
sublimation
shift unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.
denial
refusal to accept true nature of threat
psychodynamic theory (Freud)
the psychology of mental or emotional forces or processes developing especially in early childhood and their effects on behavior
-Freud overestimated the influence of parental factors.
trait
distinguished quality/characteristic
personality is made up of _____.
traits
Gordon Allport was interested in ____ not _____ behavior.
describing, not explaining.
5 traits of Eysenk’s personality dimensions
Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
Psychoanalytic theory
childhood sexuality/ unconscious motivations influence personality.
humanistic theory
inner capacity for growth and self fulfillment
trait theories
examines traits
social cognitive theories
explore the interactions between traits and their social context
defense mechanisms
tactics that reduce/redirect anxiety by distorting reality
Neo-freudians put more emphasis on?
the conscious mind’s role in interpreting experiences. AND they doubted that sex/aggression were all-consuming motivations.
collective unconscious
a common reservoir of images derived from our species of universal experiences.
Freud’s main accepted idea:
Much of our mental life in unconscious.
Freud’s basic ideas:
the personality structures of id, ego, and superego; the importance of the unconscious; the childhood roots of personality; and the dynamics of anxiety and the defense mechanisms.
false consensus effect
the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
projection test that provides a reliable map of people’s implicit motivation
Maslow proposed that we are motivated by ?
a hierarchy of needs
self actualization
the process of fulfilling our potential
self- transcendence
meaning, purpose, and identity beyond the self
who did Maslow study?
healthy, creative people
carl roger’s person centered perspective?
Rogers’ person-centered perspective held that people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualizing tendencies.
Roger’s believed that a growth promoting social climate included?
acceptance, genuineness, empathy.
Roger’s and Maslow believed that a central part of personality’s is?
one’s self-concept: all the thoughts and feelings we have in response to the question, “Who am I?”
What did Allport to that Freud did not do:
describe personality in terms of fundamental traits, or people’s characteristic behaviors and conscious motives
Allport was more concerned about _____ individual traits, less about ____ them.
describing, explaining
Isabel Briggs Myers
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Myers Briggs test is a counseling and coaching tool, not a _____.
research tool
How does our biology influence our personality?
Our genes influence the temperament and behavioral style that shape our personality.
(twins have similar personality)
Personality inventories
longer questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors—assess several traits at once
