Ch. 15 Flashcards
phobias
fears related to a specific object, person, or situation that are disproportional to the threat posed by them.
specific phobias
persistent excessive fear of a specific object or situation
social phobias
fear of a social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur
what is the most treatable psychological disorder?
phobias
OCD stands for
obsessive compulsive disorder
OCD
recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions
obsessions
thoughts/impulses/images that are intrusive/inappropriate/cause anxiety.
compulsions
repetitive behaviors/mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession.
mood disorders
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is diagnosed as:
2 or more weeks of depressed mood, feelings of worthlessness, and anhedonia.
anhedonia
loss of interest/pleasure in activities.
What is the most common mood disorder?
MDD
Seligman’s study:
can people learn to be depressed?
MDD is ____ in women than men.
diagnosed 2x more
what are some reasons that Women are more likely to be diagnosed with MDD than men are?
- reporting bias
- hormones fluctuate more often
- more likely to ruminate
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) is diagnosed as:
depressed for most of the day, more days the not, for at least 1 year.
Which is more chronic: MDD or PDD
PDD, it lasts for at least 1 year.
Bipolar disorder is diagnosed as:
1 or more manic episodes accompanied by 1 or more major depressive episodes.
manic episode
distinct period during which the predominant mood is abnormally elevated or irritable for at least a week
symptoms of mania
- decreased need for sleep
- increased talkativeness
- racing thoughts
- easily distracted
- hyperactive
- excessive involvement in pleasurable activities
- inflated self esteem
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
a person exhibits 2 or more distinct and altering personalities.
DID is not the same as
schizophrenia
schizophrenia
disorganized/delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions/actions.
delusions
beliefs that the rest of society would generally disagree with or view as misinterpretations of society
what is the most common type of delusion?
paranoid delusions (someone is following me)
hallucinations
disturbance in perception , can involve any sensory modality (auditory, visual, touch, olfactory)
positive symptoms (schizophrenia)
excess: seeing/hearing things that aren’t there
negative symptoms (schizophrenia)
deficit: e.g- no emotion in someone’s voice
disorganized symptoms (schizophrenia)
inappropriate emotions or not making sense of words
Is schizophrenia common or rare?
Very rare
eating disorders are not really about ____.
food
eating disorders are often comorbid with?
depression and anxiety
anorexia neurosa
distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss
- 1% of the population
- excessive concern with body shape/weight
- restriction or binging/purging
what psychological disorder has the highest mortality rate?
Anorexia
Bulimia
recurrent episodes of binge eating and inappropriate compensating methods to prevent weight gain
- excessive concern with body shape/weight
- does not meet criteria for anorexia
binge
abnormally large amounts of food are consumed with a sense of lack of control
types of compensating methods
vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, exercise
psychopharmacology
use of medications to treat psychological disturbances
all medications have _____?
side effects
Medication + _____ = best results
therapy
psychoanalysis
patients gain insight into problems throughout therapists interpretation of free association, or hypnosis.
psychoanalysis is NOT ______
empirically supported
transference
client transfers onto therapist feelings/attitudes toward people in there lives
