Chapter 13: Spinal Cord Anatomy Flashcards
Connective tissue coverings that encircle the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Most superficial of three spinal meninges, continuous with epineurium
Dura Mater
This lies btw the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
Subdural space (contains interstitial fluid)
Where is the epidural space located ?
Btw the Dura mater and wall of the vertebral canal
Extensions (thickening) of Pia mater
Denticulate ligaments
This meningeal layer consists of a thin avascular covering comprised if loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers (no blood supply)
Arachnoid mater (middle)
Within this meningeal layer are many blood vessels that supply O2 and nutrients to the spinal cord
Pia Mater
The spinal cord tapers and terminates as a tapering conical structure ending btw L1 & L2 called what?
Conus medullaris
What nerves make up the cervical plexus
C1-C5
How many cervical nerves are there ?
8
The posterior (dorsal ) contain what kind of axons ?
Sensory axons which conduct nerve impulsesfrom sensory receptors in skin, muscles, and internal organs into the CNS
The anterior (ventral) root contain axons of what nerves ?
Motor neurons which conduct impulses from the CNS to the effectors (mm and glands )
Where are the lateral grey horns found?
Thoracic and upper lumbar segments
What does the posterior (dorsal) ramus serve
Deep mm, and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk
Meningeal branch innervates what
BV of SC, vertebrae, vertebral ligament and meninges
Does The posterior (dorsal) root of spinal nerve contains motor or sensory information
Sensory
The anterior (ventral) root contain axons for what kind of nerves ?
Motor
What is the function of the filum terminale?
Anchor the spinal cord onto the coccyx
What nerves innervates the diaphragm ?
Phrenic C3,4,5
What distribution of spinal nerves reenters the vertebral canal and supplies the vertebrae ?
Meningeal branch
Which distribution of spinal nerves serves the mm and structures of the upper and lower limbs and lateral anterior skin of trunk ?
Anterior (ventral) ramus
2nd degree nerve injury from prolonged severe compression, but the endoneurium is still in tact is known as what?
Axonotmesis
1st degree nerve injury, from mild focal compression, and is reversible is known as what?
Neuropraxia
3rd degree nerve damage, hard to regenerate, and the endoneurium is damaged is known as what?
Neurotmesis
This distribution of Rami deals with the autonomic nervous system
Rami communicantes
Injury to brachial plexus from forceful pulling away of head from shoulder
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
Name of brachial plexus Injury to nerve root C8-T1
Klumpke’s
Can occur with Klumpke’s, when your autonomic nervous syndrome is affected. Symptoms included miosis, ptosis, anhydrosis, enopthalmos
Horners syndrome
Propagation of nerve impulses in the spinal cord happens where ?
White matter tracts
Where in the spinal cord does integration of information happen ?
Gray matter
What are the 2 main sensory tracts in the spinal cord?
Spinothalamic tract &. Posterior Column
What does the spinothalamic tract sense?
Pain, Temperature, Itch, Tickle, Deep pressure, touch
What sensory tract in the spinal column conveys nerve impulses for discriminative touch, light pressure, vibration, proprioception
Posterior column
2 main motor pathways
Direct and indirect pathways
Name the direct pathways of motor tracts in the spinal cord
Lateral corticospinal tract
Anterior corticospinal tract
Corticobulbar tract
These pathways have nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and cause voluntary movement of skeletal mm
Direct pathways
These pathways in the spinal cord have nerve impulses that arise in the brain stem and cause automatic movements (maintain mm tone/posture/ equilibrium)
Indirect pathways
Name the 5 indirect pathways in the spinal cord
Rubrospinal tract Tectospinal tract Vestibulospinal tract Lateral reticulospinal tract Medial reticulospinal tract
Two tracts of the posterior column if the spinal cord
Gracile
Cuneate
A monosynaptic, ipsilateral reflex, which will elicit a muscle contraction in response to stretching of that muscle
Stretch reflex
True or False a stretch reflex stimulates muscle spindles which monitor the change in length of a muscle
True-> stretch reflex uses mm spindles
Name the four somatic spinal reflexes
Stretch reflex
Tendon reflex
Flexor (withdrawal) reflex
The crossed extensor reflex
Connective tissue covering that surrounds a fascicle of a nerve
Perineurium
Connective tissue that surrounds the entire nerve
Epineurium
This segment of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
Lateral grey horns
Are the following Sensory or Motor nerves ?
What Plexus are they apart of ?
Lesser occipital
Greater auricular
Transverse cervical
& Supraclavicular
Cervical Plexus (sensory) branches
Andrenergic neurons release what neurotransmitter ?
They release norepinephrine (NE) aka noradrenalin
Name the nerve root origin of these…
Lesser occipital
Greater auricular
Transverse cervical
& Supraclavicular
Lesser occipital C2
Greater auricular C2-C3
Transverse cervical C2-C3
& Supraclavicular C3-C4
What two nerves make up the sciatic nerve ?
Tibial and common fibulae
Gluteus Maximus is innervates by what nerve ?
Inferior gluteal
Gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, And TFL are innervates via what nerve ?
Superior gluteal
Levator scapula, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor mm are innervates by what nerve ?
Dorsal scapular
Deltoid and theres minor are innervated by what nerve ?
Axillary
The thoracodorsal nerve innervates what muscle ?
Latissimus Dorsi muscle
What forms a plexus ?
Anterior ramus
WhEre is the primary auditory area located ?
Temporal
