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Anatomy and Physiology (made by me) > Chapter 13: Spinal Cord Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Spinal Cord Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue coverings that encircle the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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2
Q

Most superficial of three spinal meninges, continuous with epineurium

A

Dura Mater

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3
Q

This lies btw the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

A

Subdural space (contains interstitial fluid)

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4
Q

Where is the epidural space located ?

A

Btw the Dura mater and wall of the vertebral canal

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5
Q

Extensions (thickening) of Pia mater

A

Denticulate ligaments

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6
Q

This meningeal layer consists of a thin avascular covering comprised if loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers (no blood supply)

A

Arachnoid mater (middle)

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7
Q

Within this meningeal layer are many blood vessels that supply O2 and nutrients to the spinal cord

A

Pia Mater

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8
Q

The spinal cord tapers and terminates as a tapering conical structure ending btw L1 & L2 called what?

A

Conus medullaris

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9
Q

What nerves make up the cervical plexus

A

C1-C5

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10
Q

How many cervical nerves are there ?

A

8

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11
Q

The posterior (dorsal ) contain what kind of axons ?

A

Sensory axons which conduct nerve impulsesfrom sensory receptors in skin, muscles, and internal organs into the CNS

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12
Q

The anterior (ventral) root contain axons of what nerves ?

A

Motor neurons which conduct impulses from the CNS to the effectors (mm and glands )

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13
Q

Where are the lateral grey horns found?

A

Thoracic and upper lumbar segments

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14
Q

What does the posterior (dorsal) ramus serve

A

Deep mm, and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk

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15
Q

Meningeal branch innervates what

A

BV of SC, vertebrae, vertebral ligament and meninges

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16
Q

Does The posterior (dorsal) root of spinal nerve contains motor or sensory information

A

Sensory

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17
Q

The anterior (ventral) root contain axons for what kind of nerves ?

A

Motor

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18
Q

What is the function of the filum terminale?

A

Anchor the spinal cord onto the coccyx

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19
Q

What nerves innervates the diaphragm ?

A

Phrenic C3,4,5

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20
Q

What distribution of spinal nerves reenters the vertebral canal and supplies the vertebrae ?

A

Meningeal branch

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21
Q

Which distribution of spinal nerves serves the mm and structures of the upper and lower limbs and lateral anterior skin of trunk ?

A

Anterior (ventral) ramus

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22
Q

2nd degree nerve injury from prolonged severe compression, but the endoneurium is still in tact is known as what?

A

Axonotmesis

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23
Q

1st degree nerve injury, from mild focal compression, and is reversible is known as what?

A

Neuropraxia

24
Q

3rd degree nerve damage, hard to regenerate, and the endoneurium is damaged is known as what?

A

Neurotmesis

25
Q

This distribution of Rami deals with the autonomic nervous system

A

Rami communicantes

26
Q

Injury to brachial plexus from forceful pulling away of head from shoulder

A

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

27
Q

Name of brachial plexus Injury to nerve root C8-T1

A

Klumpke’s

28
Q

Can occur with Klumpke’s, when your autonomic nervous syndrome is affected. Symptoms included miosis, ptosis, anhydrosis, enopthalmos

A

Horners syndrome

29
Q

Propagation of nerve impulses in the spinal cord happens where ?

A

White matter tracts

30
Q

Where in the spinal cord does integration of information happen ?

A

Gray matter

31
Q

What are the 2 main sensory tracts in the spinal cord?

A

Spinothalamic tract &. Posterior Column

32
Q

What does the spinothalamic tract sense?

A

Pain, Temperature, Itch, Tickle, Deep pressure, touch

33
Q

What sensory tract in the spinal column conveys nerve impulses for discriminative touch, light pressure, vibration, proprioception

A

Posterior column

34
Q

2 main motor pathways

A

Direct and indirect pathways

35
Q

Name the direct pathways of motor tracts in the spinal cord

A

Lateral corticospinal tract
Anterior corticospinal tract
Corticobulbar tract

36
Q

These pathways have nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and cause voluntary movement of skeletal mm

A

Direct pathways

37
Q

These pathways in the spinal cord have nerve impulses that arise in the brain stem and cause automatic movements (maintain mm tone/posture/ equilibrium)

A

Indirect pathways

38
Q

Name the 5 indirect pathways in the spinal cord

A 
Rubrospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
Vestibulospinal tract
Lateral reticulospinal tract
Medial reticulospinal tract
39
Q

Two tracts of the posterior column if the spinal cord

A

Gracile

Cuneate

40
Q

A monosynaptic, ipsilateral reflex, which will elicit a muscle contraction in response to stretching of that muscle

A

Stretch reflex

41
Q

True or False a stretch reflex stimulates muscle spindles which monitor the change in length of a muscle

A

True-> stretch reflex uses mm spindles

42
Q

Name the four somatic spinal reflexes

A

Stretch reflex
Tendon reflex
Flexor (withdrawal) reflex
The crossed extensor reflex

43
Q

Connective tissue covering that surrounds a fascicle of a nerve

A

Perineurium

44
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds the entire nerve

A

Epineurium

45
Q

This segment of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

A

Lateral grey horns

46
Q

Are the following Sensory or Motor nerves ?
What Plexus are they apart of ?

Lesser occipital
Greater auricular
Transverse cervical
& Supraclavicular

A

Cervical Plexus (sensory) branches

47
Q

Andrenergic neurons release what neurotransmitter ?

A

They release norepinephrine (NE) aka noradrenalin

48
Q

Name the nerve root origin of these…

Lesser occipital
Greater auricular
Transverse cervical
& Supraclavicular

A

Lesser occipital C2
Greater auricular C2-C3
Transverse cervical C2-C3
& Supraclavicular C3-C4

49
Q

What two nerves make up the sciatic nerve ?

A

Tibial and common fibulae

50
Q

Gluteus Maximus is innervates by what nerve ?

A

Inferior gluteal

51
Q

Gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, And TFL are innervates via what nerve ?

A

Superior gluteal

52
Q

Levator scapula, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor mm are innervates by what nerve ?

A

Dorsal scapular

53
Q

Deltoid and theres minor are innervated by what nerve ?

A

Axillary

54
Q

The thoracodorsal nerve innervates what muscle ?

A

Latissimus Dorsi muscle

55
Q

What forms a plexus ?

A

Anterior ramus

56
Q

WhEre is the primary auditory area located ?

A

Temporal

Anatomy and Physiology (made by me) (19 decks)

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