CH 15 The ANS Flashcards
where does the main input to the ANS come from?
autonomic(visceral) sensory neurons
what is the peripheral nervous system divided into?
somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and the enteric nervous system
autonomic motor neurons regulate activities by either exciting or inhibiting activities in what 3 effector tissues.
cardiac mm, smooth mm, and glands
where is the cell body of a preganglionic neuron?
the CNS
where does the myelinated axon of a preganglionic neuron synapse with the postganglionic neuron?
the autonomic ganglion- which is a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS or it may go to the adrenal medulla
Is the axon of a postganglionic neuron myelinated or non-myelinated
non-myelinated
what do all somatic motor neurons release?
acetylcholine
what neurotransmitters are released by autonomic motor neurons?
acetylcholine or norepinephrine
what type of fiber is a preganglionic neuron?
a small-diameter, myelinated type B fiber
what type of fiber is the axon of a postganglionic neuron?
a small-diameter, unmyelinated, type C fiber
where in the sympathetic division does the preganglionic neuron have their cell bodies?
lateral horns of gray matter
what is the other name for the sympathetic division?
thoracolumbar division
the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division are located in the nuclei of what four cranial nerves?
CN III CN VII CN IX CN X and the lateral grey horn of S2-S4
what is the parasympathetic division also known as?
craniosacral division
what are the two major types of sympathetic ganglia?
sympathetic trunk ganglia and the prevertebral ganglia
what are the specific names of the sympathetic trunk ganglia( AKA: paravertebral,and vertebral chain ganglia) in the neck?
superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia
what are the five major prevertebral ganglia?
celiac ganglia superior mesenteric ganglion inferior mesenteric ganglion aorticorenal ganglion renal ganglion
where do the preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic division synapse with postganglionic neurons?
terminal(intramural) ganglia
where are terminal ganglia located?
within the wall of a visceral organ
what are the specific names of the terminal ganglia in the head?
ciliary ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, submandibular ganglion, and otic ganglion
which parasympathetic ganglion cell bodies are found in CN7?
pterygopalatine ganglion, and the submandibular ganglion
which parasympathetic ganglion cell body is found in CN III
ciliary ganglion
which parasympathetic ganglion cell body is found in CN10
otic ganglion
how many postganglionic neurons synapse with a single sympathetic preganglionic fiber?
20 or more
what is the largest autonomic plexus?
the celiac(solar) plexus
what does the superior mesenteric plexus supply?
small and large intestine
what does the inferior mesenteric plexus supply?
the large intestine
what do the superior cervical ganglion supple?
head and heart
what do the middle cervical, and inferior cervical ganglion innervate?
the heart
preganglionic axons from T5-T9 or T10 forms what nerve?
greater splanchnic nerve
preganglionic axons from T10-T11 forms what nerve?
the lesser splanchnic nerve
which nerves pierce the diaphragm?
the greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, and the least(lowest) splanchnic nerve
what neurotransmitter do cholinergic neurons release?
acetylcholine
in the ANS what neurons are considered cholinergic neurons?
all sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate most sweat glands, and all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
what neurotransmitter does nicotine mimic when binding to nicotinic receptors?
ACh
in the ANS what do adrenergic neurons release?
norepinephrine
what binds to adrenergic receptors?
norepinephrine and epinephrine
true or false: norepinephrine is considered a neurotransmitter and a hormone
true
do the pupils dilate or constrict during the fight-or-flight response?
the pupils dilate
where is the main integrating center for most autonomic reflexes?
hypothalamus and the brain stem
an exaggerated response of the sympathetic division of the ANS that occurs with an individual with a spinal cord injury at or above the level of T6
autonomic dysreflexia
How many different groups of autonomic ganglia are there ?
3)
Paravertebral (symp)
Prevertebral (symp)
Terminal (intramural) ganglia (para)
Cilia, Optic, and Submandibular are what kind of autonomic ganglia ?
Parasympathetic (terminal)
Which splanchnic nerve does not pierce the diaphragm
Lumbar splanchnic
