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Anatomy and Physiology (made by me) > CH 15 The ANS > Flashcards

CH 15 The ANS Flashcards

0
Q

where does the main input to the ANS come from?

A

autonomic(visceral) sensory neurons

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1
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system divided into?

A

somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and the enteric nervous system

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2
Q

autonomic motor neurons regulate activities by either exciting or inhibiting activities in what 3 effector tissues.

A

cardiac mm, smooth mm, and glands

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3
Q

where is the cell body of a preganglionic neuron?

A

the CNS

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4
Q

where does the myelinated axon of a preganglionic neuron synapse with the postganglionic neuron?

A

the autonomic ganglion- which is a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS or it may go to the adrenal medulla

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5
Q

Is the axon of a postganglionic neuron myelinated or non-myelinated

A

non-myelinated

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6
Q

what do all somatic motor neurons release?

A

acetylcholine

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7
Q

what neurotransmitters are released by autonomic motor neurons?

A

acetylcholine or norepinephrine

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8
Q

what type of fiber is a preganglionic neuron?

A

a small-diameter, myelinated type B fiber

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9
Q

what type of fiber is the axon of a postganglionic neuron?

A

a small-diameter, unmyelinated, type C fiber

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10
Q

where in the sympathetic division does the preganglionic neuron have their cell bodies?

A

lateral horns of gray matter

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11
Q

what is the other name for the sympathetic division?

A

thoracolumbar division

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12
Q

the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division are located in the nuclei of what four cranial nerves?

A 
CN III
CN VII
CN IX
CN X
and the lateral grey horn of S2-S4
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13
Q

what is the parasympathetic division also known as?

A

craniosacral division

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14
Q

what are the two major types of sympathetic ganglia?

A

sympathetic trunk ganglia and the prevertebral ganglia

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15
Q

what are the specific names of the sympathetic trunk ganglia( AKA: paravertebral,and vertebral chain ganglia) in the neck?

A

superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia

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16
Q

what are the five major prevertebral ganglia?

A 
celiac ganglia
superior mesenteric ganglion
inferior mesenteric ganglion
aorticorenal ganglion
renal ganglion
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17
Q

where do the preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic division synapse with postganglionic neurons?

A

terminal(intramural) ganglia

18
Q

where are terminal ganglia located?

A

within the wall of a visceral organ

19
Q

what are the specific names of the terminal ganglia in the head?

A

ciliary ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, submandibular ganglion, and otic ganglion

20
Q

which parasympathetic ganglion cell bodies are found in CN7?

A

pterygopalatine ganglion, and the submandibular ganglion

21
Q

which parasympathetic ganglion cell body is found in CN III

A

ciliary ganglion

22
Q

which parasympathetic ganglion cell body is found in CN10

A

otic ganglion

23
Q

how many postganglionic neurons synapse with a single sympathetic preganglionic fiber?

A

20 or more

24
Q

what is the largest autonomic plexus?

A

the celiac(solar) plexus

25
Q

what does the superior mesenteric plexus supply?

A

small and large intestine

26
Q

what does the inferior mesenteric plexus supply?

A

the large intestine

27
Q

what do the superior cervical ganglion supple?

A

head and heart

28
Q

what do the middle cervical, and inferior cervical ganglion innervate?

A

the heart

29
Q

preganglionic axons from T5-T9 or T10 forms what nerve?

A

greater splanchnic nerve

30
Q

preganglionic axons from T10-T11 forms what nerve?

A

the lesser splanchnic nerve

31
Q

which nerves pierce the diaphragm?

A

the greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, and the least(lowest) splanchnic nerve

32
Q

what neurotransmitter do cholinergic neurons release?

A

acetylcholine

33
Q

in the ANS what neurons are considered cholinergic neurons?

A

all sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate most sweat glands, and all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

34
Q

what neurotransmitter does nicotine mimic when binding to nicotinic receptors?

A

ACh

35
Q

in the ANS what do adrenergic neurons release?

A

norepinephrine

36
Q

what binds to adrenergic receptors?

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine

37
Q

true or false: norepinephrine is considered a neurotransmitter and a hormone

A

true

38
Q

do the pupils dilate or constrict during the fight-or-flight response?

A

the pupils dilate

39
Q

where is the main integrating center for most autonomic reflexes?

A

hypothalamus and the brain stem

40
Q

an exaggerated response of the sympathetic division of the ANS that occurs with an individual with a spinal cord injury at or above the level of T6

A

autonomic dysreflexia

41
Q

How many different groups of autonomic ganglia are there ?

A

3)

Paravertebral (symp)
Prevertebral (symp)
Terminal (intramural) ganglia (para)

42
Q

Cilia, Optic, and Submandibular are what kind of autonomic ganglia ?

A

Parasympathetic (terminal)

43
Q

Which splanchnic nerve does not pierce the diaphragm

A

Lumbar splanchnic

Anatomy and Physiology (made by me) (19 decks)

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