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Anatomy and Physiology (made by me) > Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

The motor component of the somatic nervous system is concerned with what type of tissue ?

A

Skeletal muscle (voluntary)

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2
Q

Most nerve impulses arise where in the nerve cell ?

A

Trigger zone

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3
Q

What are the 3 Branches of the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

SNS, ANS, and ENS

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4
Q

3 parts of a neuron

A

Cell body, axon, dendrites

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5
Q

Site of communication btw a neuron and an effector cell is called what ?

A

Synapse

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6
Q

What do synaptic vesicles store?

A

Neurotransmitter

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7
Q

A molecule released from synaptic vesicles that either inhibits or excites another neuron is known as what?

A

Neurotransmitter

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8
Q

What type of neuro glia myelinate axons in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

The largest and most numerous neuroglia that functions to form the blood brain barrier ?

A

Astrocytes

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10
Q

This type of neuroglia function to remove cellular debris and phagocytize damaged nervous tissue

A

Microglia

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11
Q

This type of neuroglia produce, and monitor and circulate cerebral spinal fluid

A

Ependymal cells

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12
Q

What type of neuroglia encircle axons in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

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13
Q

What are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS called ?

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

Clusters of excellent bodies in the PNS?

A

Ganglion

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15
Q

A bundle of axons in the PNS ?

A

Nerve

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16
Q

A bundle of axons in the CNS?

A

Tract

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17
Q

What type of channels are used in a graded potential ?

A

Ligand or mechanically gated ion channels

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18
Q

What is a typical resting membrane potential for a neuron ?

A

-70mV

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19
Q

The main cation in the cytosol

A

Potassium (K+)

20
Q

The main cation and anion in the EXtracellular fluid ?

A

Sodium (Na+) and chloride (CL-)

21
Q

What feature contributes to the electrogenic nature of resting membrane potential and expels 3 sodium out of cell for every 2 Potassium imported

A

na+/K+ ATPases (sodium/potassium pumps)

22
Q

Is saltatory conduction faster or slower the. Continuous conduction ?

A

Faster

23
Q

What is decremental conduction, is it associated with an AP or GP

A

It is a mode of travel by with the graded potential (GP), dies as it spreads along the membrane

24
Q

Processes in which graded potentials add together

A

Summation

25
Q

In which phase do voltage gated sodium channels open allowing sodium to rush into the cell ?

A

Depolarizing phase

26
Q

In the repolarizing phase what cation moves out of the cell ?

A

K+ ions leave via K+ channels (making the cell more negative and restoring resting membrane potential

27
Q

In the depolarizing phase what voltage gated channels open ?

A

Na+ voltage gated channels open (na+ enters cell making it more positive )

28
Q

Factors that affect speed of propagation

A

1) amount of myelination
2) axon diameter
3) temperature

29
Q

Resting potential in skeletal and cardiac mm

A

-90mv

30
Q

A neurotransmitter that causes depolarization of post synaptic membrane potential is called

A

(EPSP) excitatory postsynaptic potential

31
Q

Type of neurotransmitter contains a binding site and an ion which are components of the same protein

A

Ionotropic

32
Q

If the total inhibitory effects are greater then the excitatory effects, the membrane hyper polarizes (IPSP) what is the result ?

A

Inhibition of the post synaptic nerve impulse and an inability to generate a nerve impulse

33
Q

A neurotransmitter that is released by many cells in the PNS and by some in the CNS. Excitatory at NMJ

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

34
Q

Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are classified as what biogenic amine ?

A

Catecholamines

35
Q

Name 2 amino acid neurotransmitters in the CNS that have powerful excitatory effects effects

A

Glutamate asparate

36
Q

What kind of neurotransmitter Are GABBA and GYLCINE ?

A

Important inhibitory NTs

37
Q

Arousal , awakening from deep sleep, dreaming and regulating mood, doubles as a NT and hormone

A

Norepinephrine

38
Q

This NT is active during emotional responses addictive behaviours and pleasurable activities ( also regulate skeletal mm tone )

A

Dopamine

39
Q

What biogenic amine is involved with sensory perception, temperature regulation, control of mood, appetite, and the induction of sleep

A

Serotonin

40
Q

Neuropeptide related to pain

A

Substance P

41
Q

Wallerian degeneration

A

Degeneration of the distal part of the axon and myelin sheath

42
Q

Neural circuit involved with breathing, coordinated muscular contractions, waking up, and short term memory

A

Reverberating circuit

43
Q

Neural circuit that allows one presynaptic neuron to influence several post synaptic neuron

A

Diverging circuit

44
Q

True or false damage to myelinated axons and dendrites in the PNS may be repaired if the cell body remains intact

A

True

45
Q

Nerve responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration?

A

Satellite cells

46
Q

What are nissl bodies ?

A

Bunches or Rough ER in neurons

Anatomy and Physiology (made by me) (19 decks)

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