Chapter 13: Sexual Disorders Flashcards
What are the 3 main categories of sexual disorders distinguished by the DSM-V?
- Gender dysphoria
- Sexual dysfunctions
- Paraphilic disorders
What defines gender dysphoria?
- Feeling of “gender incongruence” and discomfort with one’s own sex
- Strong desire to be of alternative gender
What is gender dysphoria the same as?
- Cross-gender identification
- Gender identity disorder
- Transsexualism
What is gender dysphoria different from? How so?
- Homosexuality = sexual orientation
- Hermaphrodite = biological ambiguity (born w/ characteristics of both genders, but usually identify w/ one gender)
- Transvestic disorder = cross dressing for sexual thrill (usually heterosexual male)
What is the Kinsey Report (1948)?
- Kinsey did large scale surveys about Americans’ sexual practices
- Asked about how often they have sex, what they think about, fantasies, affairs, masturbation, fetishes
What is the Human Sexual Response Cycle (Masters & Johnson, 1950s)?
- Cycle of desire, arousal, orgasm, resolution (diff for males & females)
- Masters & Johnson interested in fertility during a time before birth control, hormone therapy
- Observed sexual acts like masturbation and intercourse w/ participants hooked up to machines (measured pulse, perspiration, etc.)
What are the different ways in which sexual dysfunctions can be categorized?
- Primary vs. Secondary (Lifelong vs. Acquired)
- Generalized vs. Situational
Primary vs. Secondary (Lifelong vs. Acquired) sexual dysfunction
- Primary/Lifelong = dysfunction present their whole lives
- Secondary/Acquired = normal sexual functioning preceded the dysfunction
Generalized vs. Situational dysfunction
- Generalized = dysfunction present during all sexual situations
- Situational = dysfunction tied to particular situations
What is the DSM-V duration requirement for sexual dysfunctions?
About 6 months
List the disorders involving a lack of sexual interest, excitement or arousal.
- Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
- Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
- Erectile Disorder
What is Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder?
- Persistent or recurrent deficiency of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity
- Significant distress or interpersonal difficulty
What is Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder?
- Persistent or recurrent inability to attain or maintain adequate lubrication or genital swelling until completion of the sexual activity
- Significant distress or interpersonal difficulty
- Often tied to an orgasmic disorder
What is Erectile Disorder?
- Persistent or recurrent inability to attain or maintain an adequate erection until completion of sexual activity
- Significant distress or interpersonal difficulty
List the disorders involving impaired orgasmic response.
- Female Orgasmic Disorder
- Delayed Ejaculation
- Early Ejaculation
What is Female Orgasmic Disorder?
- Persistent or recurrent delay in or absence of orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase during sexual activity
- Significant distress or interpersonal difficulty
What is Delayed Ejaculation? Cause? When is it more common?
- Males having no or difficult time w/ orgasm
- Can be a problem w/ wanting to stay in control, not surrender
- More common in men who use a lot of porn –> reality doesn’t fit fantasy
What is Early Ejaculation?
- Persistent or recurrent ejaculation w/ minimal sexual stimulation before, on, or shortly after penetration and before the person wishes it
- Significant distress or interpersonal difficulty
List the disorders involving pain during intercourse or penetration (females).
- Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder
- Combo of two DSM IV disorders –> Dyspareunia and Vaginism
What is Dyspareunia?
- Recurrent or persistent genital pain associated w/ sexual intercourse in either a male or female
- Significant distress or interpersonal difficulty
What is Vaginism?
- Recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the muscles of the outer third of the vagina that interferes w/ sexual intercourse (prevents entry of the penis)
- Significant distress or interpersonal difficulty
What are the general treatments for sexual dysfunctions?
- Education about sex
- Communication training (couple’s counseling)
What is sensate focus? What is it used to treat?
- A series of sensual tasks in which partners focus on the sexual pleasure that can be achieved by exploring and caressing each other’s body at home, without demands to have intercourse or reach orgasm
- Behavioral technique that entails no sex for a certain amount of time & exercised prescribed by therapist (starting far away from genital area)
- For problems w/ desire arousal, orgasm, pain, anticipatory anxieties
What are dilators used to treat?
Penetration disorder (vaginism)
What does the stop and squeeze technique treat?
Early ejaculation
What are masturbation techniques used to treat?
- Sexual aversion
- Primary orgasmic probs
What are paraphilic disorders? Characteristics/habits?
- Intense and recurrent sexual urges or fantasies involving non human objects, non-consenting people, or suffering and humiliation
- Harmful consequences of these desires and behaviors for either the individual or others
- Strong sex drive, inordinate amount of time spent w/ sex-related fantasies or activities –> sex addiction
Which gender more commonly has paraphilic disorders?
Males
When is the onset of paraphilic disorders?
Start early, usually in adolescence
What are the 3 categories of paraphilic disorders?
- Nonhuman objects
- Non-consenting persons
- Suffering or humiliation
List the paraphilic disorders involving nonhuman objects.
- Fetishistic disorder
- Transvestic disorder
What is fetishistic disorder?
A paraphilia consisting of recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve use of a nonliving object, often to the exclusion of all other stimuli
What is transvestic disorder?
- A paraphilia consisting of repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve dressing in clothes of the opposite sex
- Usually heterosexual male
List the paraphilic disorders involving non-consenting persons.
- Exhibitionistic disorder
- Voyeuristic disorder
- Frotteuristic disorder
- Pedophilic disorder
What is Exhibitionistic disorder?
- Paraphilia
- Repeated sexually arousing urges or fantasies about exposing their genitals to others
- May act upon those urges
What is Voyeuristic disorder?
- Paraphilia
- Repeated and intense sexual desires to observe unsuspecting people in secret as they undress or to spy on couples having intercourse
- May act upon these desires
What is Frotteuristic disorder?
- Paraphilia
- Repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, behaviors that involve touching and rubbing against a non-consenting person
What is Pedophilic disorder?
- Paraphilia
- Repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies about watching, touching, or engaging in sexual acts w/ prepubescent children
- May carry out these urges & fantasies
List the paraphilic disorders that involve suffering or humiliation.
- Sexual sadism disorder
- Sexual masochism disorder
What is sexual sadism disorder?
- Paraphilia
- Repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve inflicting suffering on others
What is sexual masochism disorder?
- Paraphilia
- Repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve being humiliated, beaten, or bound, or otherwise made to suffer
