Chapter 13: Personality Flashcards
Milgram Shock Experiment
-not 100% of people obeyed the experimenter to the end
-65% completed the experiment and administered the highest level of shock
-35% of people left
-12.5% refused to go beyond 300V
Attribution Theory
Dispositional=Internal
Situational=External
Personality accounts for the disobedience of __% of people in the Milgram experiment
35%
Personality Psychology
domains of knowledge about human nature
Personality
an individual’s unique set of consistent behavioral traits
Personality Is Used To Explain:
-the stability in a person’s behavior over time and across situations (consistency)
-the behavioral differences among people reacting to the same situation(distinctiveness)
Personality Trait
a durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations
Data-Driven Approach To Personality
The Big-Five Model
Theory-Driven Approach To Personality
-Psychodynamic (Sigmund Freud)
-Humanistic (Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers)
-Cognitive (George Kelly; Julian Rotter(a social learning theory))
The Five-Factor Personality Model (Ocean)
-Openness to experience (variety vs routine)
-Conscientiousness(organized vs disorganized)
-Extraversion(affectionate vs reserved)
-Agreeableness(trusting vs suspicious)
-Neuroticism(worried vs calm)
Orthogonal Factors
factors that have no correlation
Eysenck Biological Theory
genetics are the primary determinate of personality
Melancholic (Introverted, Unstable)
moody, anxious, pessimistic
Choleric (Extroverted, Unstable)
touchy, restless, aggressive
Phlegmatic(Introverted, Stable)
Thoughtful, Peaceful, Controlled
Sanguine(Extroverted, Stable)
Carefree, talkative, lively
Psychoticism
the personality type that involves traits like aggression, impulsivity, and antisocial behavior
Behavioral View
focuses on environmental factors
Biological View
focuses on biological factors
Humanistic view
focuses on the bright side of human nature
Psychodynamic View
Focuses on the dark side of human nature
Avoidance Cycle
Possible Interpersonal Contact>
Stress and Anxiety>
Avoidance or escape>
Short Term: relief>
Long Term: more worry
Humanistic Theory Of Personality (Abraham Maslow)
states people achieve their full potential by moving from basic needs to self actualization
Humanistic Theory Of Personality Pyramid (Top to Bottom)
self-actualization
ego
social
security
physical
Who is considered “the third great revolutionist” in human self-awareness?
Freud
Darwin theorized the origin of….
biological traits
Freud theorized the origin of…
psychological traits
Existence Of Psychic Energy
the interactions between powerful inner forces shape personality and motivate behavior
Psychic Determinism
all behaviors were motivated – all acts are determined by motives; no chance or accidental happenings cause behavior
Psychoanalysis
every human action has a cause and a purpose that can be discovered through analysis of thought associations, dreams, errors, and other behavioral clues to inner passions
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