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Psychology 201 > Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

Emotion

A

an immediate, specific negative or positive response to environmental events or internal thoughts. typically have some kind of triggering event

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2
Q

Another Name For Emotion?

A

Affect

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3
Q

Emotion Has 3 Components

A

1) physiological process
2) behavioral response
3) a feeling

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4
Q

A Feeling

A

the subjective experience of the emotion

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5
Q

Moods

A

diffuse, long-lasting emotional states that do not have an identifiable trigger or a specific behavioral and physiological response

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6
Q

Primary Emotions

A

innate evolutionarily adaptive, and universal across cultures. ex. sadness, anger

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7
Q

Secondary Emotions

A

blends of primary emotions, feelings about emotions, or emotions that relate to culturally specific values or concepts. ex. shame, pride

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8
Q

Culturally Specific Emotion

A

the feeling of loss of face, sense of respect, honor, and social regard

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9
Q

Circumplex Model

A

emotions are plotted along two continuums: valence, or how negative or positive they are, and arousal. or how activating they are

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10
Q

Arousal

A

generic term used to describe physiological activation or increased autonomic responses

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11
Q

Limbic System

A

many subcortical brain regions are involved in emotion

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12
Q

Hippocampus

A

memory

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13
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Motivation

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14
Q

Most Important Limbic System Structures For Understanding Emotion? (2)

A

Insula and the Amygdala

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15
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

Important for generating emotions

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16
Q

Insula

A

receives and integrates somatosensory signals from the entire body

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17
Q

The Amygdala

A

-processes the emotional significance of stimuli, and it generates immediate emotional and behavioral reactions
-most important brain structure for emotional learning, as in the development of classically conditioned fear responses

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18
Q

“Quick and Dirty” System

A

processes sensory information nearly instantaneously, sensory information travels quickly through the thalamus directly to the amygdala for priority processing

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19
Q

Slow Path

A

sensory material travels from the thalamus to the cortex, where the information is scrutinized in greater depth before it is passed along to the amygdala

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20
Q

Emotional Events

A

likely to increase activity in the amygdala and that increased activity is likely to improve long-term memory for the event

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21
Q

Which Brain Structure Is Involved In The Perception Of Social Stimuli?

A

The Amygdala

22
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

we perceive specific patterns of bodily responses, and as a result of that perception we feel emotion (Facial Feedback Hypothesis)

23
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

that information about emotional stimuli is sent to the mind and body separately

24
Q

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

A

When people experience arousal, they initiate a search for its source

25
Q

What Is It Called When People Misidentify The Source Of Their Arousal?

A

Misattribution Of Arousal

26
Q

Emotion Concerns…?

A

how we feel

27
Q

Motivation Concerns…?

A

the forces that guide behavior

28
Q

4 Essential Qualities of Motivational States

A

1) Energizing
2) Directive
3) Persist
4) Strength

29
Q

Motivation

A

A process that energizes, guides, and maintains behavior toward a goal

30
Q

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy

A

Self Actualization
Esteem
Love/Belonging
Safety
Physiological

31
Q

Drive

A

a psychological state that, creating arousal, motivates an organism to satisfy a need. A particular drive encourages behaviors that will satisfy a particular need

32
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

psychological principle dictates that performance on challenging tasks increases with arousal only up to a moderate point

33
Q

Incentives

A

external objects or external goals, rather than internal drives, that motivate behaviors

34
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

directed toward an external goal, typically a reward. (quantity)

35
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

value or pleasure associated with an activity, rather than toward any external goal. (quality)

36
Q

Hedonism

A

refers to humans’ desire for pleasantness and avoidance of unpleasantness

37
Q

Left Hemispheric Activity

A

approach motives

38
Q

Right Hemispheric Activity

A

avoidance motives

39
Q

Two Theoretical Approaches To Motivation

A

Evolutionary Perspective & Humanistic Perspective

40
Q

Four Observations That Drive The Theory Of Evolution:

A

1) Organisms vary in endless ways
2) Some of these characteristics are heritable
3) Availability of resources can never catch up with the rate of reproduction
4) A heritable trait will become prevalent if this trait enhances the survival of an organism and its offspring

41
Q

Fitness refers to the…

A

reproductive success

42
Q

Bateman’s Principle

A

-Females are choosier when picking a mate
-Nearly all females mate and have offspring, relatively few males mate successfully

43
Q

Harem

A

refers to the place in which an elite man houses his wives, pre-pubescent male children, unmarried daughters, female domestic servants, enslaved women, and other unmarried female relatives

44
Q

Evolutionary Psychology Studies…

A

traits that have been shown to be universal in humans

45
Q

SMART Goal

A

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound

46
Q

Hot Cognition

A

Thoughts, behaviors, and decisions are affected by emotions or immediate physiological needs

47
Q

Cold Cognition

A

-Think critically and make decisions based on logic and evidence
-Delay gratification
-Give yourself a reason why you shouldn’t do something

48
Q

People With Grit Have:

A

-Deep passion for their goals
-Willingness to keep working toward their goals
-Perseverance

48
Q

Fear and Anger are…

A

bio-chemically identical

49
Q

Charles Darwin believed that:

A

-Emotional expressions are universal
-Emotional responses are serving some adaptive functions
-Emotions are inherited

50
Q

7 Primary Emotions

A

fear, disgust, happiness, surprise, anger, sadness, contempt

Psychology 201 (6 decks)

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