Chapter 13 - Nutrition For Disorders Of The GI Tract Flashcards
What is Dysphagia?
Chewing or Swallowing difficulty
Implement:
- specific diet
- thickening agents
What does GERD stand for?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD is commonly known as what?
Heartburn
Reflux usually occurs how long after meals?
Within 1-4 hours after meals
Esophagitis?
Inflammation of the lower esophagus
Factors that aggravate reflux?
- reclining after meals
- stress
- certain foods
- increased intra-abdominal pressure
What are examples of intra-abdominal pressure?
- coughing
- straining
- bending
- vomiting
- obesity
- pregnancy
- trauma
- ascites
- clothing too tight around the waist
- lifting heavy objects
- strenuous exercise
GERD treatment?
- avoid certain foods, especially those high in fat
- six stages of medical management, one surgical intervention
- medications used to treat GERD
- reduce intra abdominal pressure
- reduce gastric acid production
What is Peptic Ulcer Disease?
Break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining
Where does Peptic Ulcer Disease typically occur?
Lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum
Peptic Ulcer Disease is can be ________ or___________ in nature?
Acute or Chronic
Peptic Ulcer Disease erosions can be ____________ or ____________?
Superficial or deep erosions
Major causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease?
- infection with Helicobacter-pylori
- NSAIDs
There is no need for a special diet or bland diet with which type of disease?
Peptic Ulcer Disease
What foods should an individual with Peptic Ulcer Disease eliminate from their diet that may worsen damage to the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum?
- Red and Black pepper
- Chili pepper
- coffee
- Caffeine
- Alcohol
(They should also stop smoking and have a good quality diet)
What is dumping syndrome caused by?
Caused by partial or total gastrectomy or removal of pyloric sphincter
EARLY PHASE symptoms of Dumping Syndrome?
- Fullness
- Cramps
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- tachycardia
- postural hypotension
- sweating
- weakness
- flushing
- syncope
When do EARLY PHASE dumping syndrome symptoms typically occur?
10-20 minutes postprandial(after meals)
When do LATE PHASE dumping syndrome symptoms typically occur?
1 to 3 hours postprandial (after meals)
What are the symptoms of LATE PHASE dumping syndrome?
- Hypoglycemia
- Perspiration
- Hunger
- Nausea
- Anxiety
- Tremors
- Weakness
What is Celiac Disease?
Chronic disease that damages mucosa of the small intestine
Celiac disease is also known as what?
Gluten- sensitive Enteropathy
Symptoms of Celiac Disease?
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal distention
- Fat malabsorption
- Weight loss
Intestinal damage is caused by what in people with Celiac Disease?
Caused by gliadin ( a protein found in gluten. Ex: wheat, rye, barley)
Nutrition therapy for Celiac Disease?
- Remove gluten from the diet
( Requires lifelong avoidance)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease includes what?
- Chronic Ulcerative Colitis (CUC)
- Crohn’s disease (regional enteritis)
Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
- abdominal pain
- diarrhea
- intestinal bleeding
- protein loss
- Fever
Surgery is curative for what disease?
Ulcerative colitis
____________ disease tends to recur?
Crohn’s
irritable bowel disease, most common deficiencies?
- Iron
- calcium
- zinc
- magnesium
- selenium
- folate
- thiamine
- riboflavin
- pyridoxine
- vitamin B12
- vitamin A
- vitamin D
- vitamin E
For people with IBD, what type of diet should be implemented when in remission?
High-fiber diet
For acute IBD episodes, what should be done?
Bowel rest & low fiber diet
What are Ileostomies and Colostomies?
Surgical formation of an opening from the colon or ileum to the abdomen
More liquid bowel movements are common with what?
Ileostomies
Important to replace fluid and electrolytes
What is Diverticular Disease?
Weakened musculature of bowel walls causes diverticula (diverticulosis)
What types of therapy are suggested for Diverticular Diseases?
- Bowel rest during periods of inflammation
- High-fiber diets to reduce straining during defecation
Aerophagia?
Swallowing air; carbonated beverages
Flatus?
Gas produced by food digestion and fermentation by intentional bacteria
What is Constipation?
Having fewer than 3 BMs per week. Straining to pass hard, dry stools
(is a symptom, not a disease)
Causes of Constipation?
- Organic: intentional obstruction, spasms of sigmoid colon, diverticulitis, tumors
- Ignoring the urge to defecate
- Lack of fiber and/or fluid
- Prolonged bed rest or lack of physical activity
- Habitual use of laxatives or enemas
- pregnancy
Diarrhea is a _________ not a ___________.
is a Symptom not a Disease
Acute diarrhea usually results from what?
- enteritis
- emotional stress
- side effect of medication
Chronic diarrhea is considered longer than what?
Longer than 2-4 weeks
Chronic diarrhea is a result of what?
GI irritation or malabsorption
