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Nutrition Exam 2 > Chapter 11 & 12 - Nutrition In Pt. Care > Flashcards

Chapter 11 & 12 - Nutrition In Pt. Care Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 potential risk factors for becoming malnourished?

A

Primary: inadequate nutrient intake

Secondary: caused by disease or iatrogenic effects

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2
Q

Iatrogenic malnutrition?

A

Caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures

Screenings and monitoring helps identify patients at risk

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3
Q

Anthropometric Assessment?

A
  • simple noninvasive techniques
    - height
    - weight
    - head circumference
    - skinfold thickness
  • BMI (normal = 18.5-24.9)
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4
Q

Biochemical Assessment?

A
  • Most important indicators
    - visceral pain status
    - immune function
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5
Q

Clinical assessment?

A
  • Sources of data
    - medical history
    - social history
    - physical exam
  • features associated with nutritional deficiencies
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6
Q

Dietary intake assessment?

A
  • 24-hour recall
  • food records
  • kcal counts
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7
Q

Nutritional Assessment involves What?

(A, B, C, D)

A
  • Anthropometric Assessment
  • Biochemical Assessment
  • Clinical Assessment
  • Dietary intake Assessment
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8
Q

What age groups have a moderate Nutritional Risk?

A
  • Adults age 65-75

- children over age 5

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9
Q

What age groups have a high Nutritional Risk?

A
  • 75yrs and older

- children under 5yrs of age

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10
Q

Examples of Basic Hospital Diets?

A
  • Clear liquid diet
  • Full liquid diet
  • Mechanically altered diet
  • Soft diet
  • Regular / General diet
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11
Q

What are examples of feeding modalities?

A
  • NPO
  • alternate route
  • clear liquid diet
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12
Q

What kind of diet is inadequate in energy and almost all nutrients except water?

A

Clear liquid diet

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13
Q

What kind of diet should not be used for more than 24 hours?

A

Clear liquid diet

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14
Q

Relationship to hospital malnutrition occurs with what type of diet?

A

Clear liquid diet

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15
Q

A Full Liquid Diet is what?

A

Foods that are liquid at room temperature

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16
Q

What kind of diet can supply ADEQUATE energy and nutrients?

A

Full Liquid Diet

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17
Q

What is a safety concern with a Full Liquid Diet?

A

Avoid use of raw eggs

18
Q

What kind of diet is concerned with high saturated fats and cholesterol?

A

Full Liquid Diet

19
Q

Mechanically Altered Diets are what?

A
  • chopped
  • ground
  • mashed
  • puréed
20
Q

Mechanically Altered Diets are used for what types of patients?

A

Patients with chewing or swallowing difficulties

21
Q

What is important to remember about Mechanically Altered Diets?

A

Food consistency altered only to the degree needed

22
Q

What do soft diets consist of?

A

Whole Foods low in fiber and lightly seasoned

23
Q

What kind of diet is considered a “transition diet” ?

A

Soft diet

24
Q

What is the typical order of diet progression?

A

Clear—> soft—> normal

25
Q

What diet serves as the basis for modified diets?

A

Regular or general diet

26
Q

Enteral Nutrition?

A

Enteral feeding by tube

27
Q

Enteral feeding by tube is appropriate when what?

A

When the gut is functioning

28
Q

What are Enteral feeding routes?

A
  • nasogastric
  • nasoduodenal
  • nasojejunal
  • esophagostomy
  • gastrostomy
  • jejunostomy
  • percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)
29
Q

Methods of Enteral nutrition administration?

A
  • Continuous
  • intermittent (delivering food @ same rate)
  • bolus (no pump?)
30
Q

Feeding tubes used for a short duration are placed how?

A

Nonsurgical placement

31
Q

Feeding tubes that are used for a long duration are placed how?

A

Surgical placement

32
Q

Enteral feeding tube placement must be confirmed with what?

A

CXR

33
Q

Parenteral Nutrition?

A

Energy and Nutrients delivered via IV (directly into the vein)

34
Q

Parenteral Nutrition does what?

A

Provides nutrients to patients who can’t or won’t eat and tube feedings are contraindicated

35
Q

Parenteral Nutrition doesn’t require what?

A

DONT need a functioning gut

Bypasses it and goes directly into vein

36
Q

Components of Parenteral Nutrition solutions?

A
  • carbohydrates
  • amino acids
  • fats
  • total nutrient admixtures: 3 in 1 system
  • electrolytes
  • vitamins
  • trace elements
  • bioactive substances
37
Q

What monitoring should you do for parenteral Nutrition?

A
  • Lab work

- Weight

38
Q

What is the most common complication of Parenteral Nutrition?

A

Pneumothorax

39
Q

What is the most common metabolic complication of Parenteral Nutrition?

A

Hyperglycemia

40
Q

What is the most extreme type of nutrition?

A

Parenteral

41
Q

What is the order of transitional feedings?

A

Parenteral —> oral or tube feeding

42
Q

Long periods of PN without enteral feedings result in what?

A

Atrophy of the GI tract

Nutrition Exam 2 (6 decks)

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