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AP Biology > Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Genes

A

Discrete units of information coded in segments of DNA

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1
Q

Genetics

A

The scientific study of the transmission of traits from parents to offspring (heredity) and the variation between and within generations

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2
Q

Genome

A

Collection of inherited genes

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3
Q

Locus

A

A gene’s location on a chromosome

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4
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

A single parent passes copies of all its genes on to its offspring (Does not involve fertilization)

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5
Q

Clone

A

A group of genetically identical offspring of an asexual reproducing individual

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6
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

An individual receives a unique combination of genes inherited from two parents

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7
Q

Life Cycle

A

The sequence of stages from conception to production of its own offspring

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8
Q

Karotype

A

An ordered display of an individual’s chromosomes

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9
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

Determine sex of a person

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10
Q

Autosomes

A

Chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes (Do NOT determine gender)

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11
Q

Diploid Cells

A

Contain diploid number of chromosomes (2n)

Contain two homologous sets of chromosomes

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12
Q

Haploid Cells

A

Contain a single set of chromosomes (i.e. gametes, egg, and sperm)
Contain only one chromosome of each homologous pair

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13
Q

Fertilization

A

Fusion of sperm and ovum (egg) which produces a zygote, containing both paternal and maternal sets of chromosomes

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14
Q

Meiosis

A

A special type of cell division that halves the chromosome number and provides a haploid set of chromosomes to each gamete

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15
Q

Tetrad

A

Synapsed chromosomes with four chromatids

Four closely associated chromatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes

16
Q

Synapsis

A

The paring of the replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of Meiosis (Synaptonemal complex)

17
Q

Chiasmata

A

X-shaped regions that hold the tetrad together

18
Q

Homologous

A

Like chromosomes that form a pair

19
Q

Somatic

A

Body cells with 46 chromosomes in humans

20
Q

Sporophyte

A

The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation

21
Q

Syngamy

A

The process of cellular union during fertilization

22
Q

Maternal Chromosomes

A

Chromosomes received from the mother

23
Q

Paternal Chromosomes

A

Chromosomes received from the father

24
Q

Recombiant Chromosomes

A

A chromosome that emerges from meiosis with a combination of genes different from a parental combination of genes

AP Biology (8 decks)

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