Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Question 0

Genes

Answer 0

Discrete units of information coded in segments of DNA

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

The scientific study of the transmission of traits from parents to offspring (heredity) and the variation between and within generations

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

Collection of inherited genes

Question 3

Locus

Answer 3

A gene’s location on a chromosome

Question 4

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 4

A single parent passes copies of all its genes on to its offspring (Does not involve fertilization)

Question 5

Clone

Answer 5

A group of genetically identical offspring of an asexual reproducing individual

Question 6

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 6

An individual receives a unique combination of genes inherited from two parents

Question 7

Life Cycle

Answer 7

The sequence of stages from conception to production of its own offspring

Question 8

Karotype

Answer 8

An ordered display of an individual’s chromosomes

Question 9

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 9

Determine sex of a person

Question 10

Autosomes

Answer 10

Chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes (Do NOT determine gender)

Question 11

Diploid Cells

Answer 11

Contain diploid number of chromosomes (2n)

Contain two homologous sets of chromosomes

Question 12

Haploid Cells

Answer 12

Contain a single set of chromosomes (i.e. gametes, egg, and sperm)
Contain only one chromosome of each homologous pair

Question 13

Fertilization

Answer 13

Fusion of sperm and ovum (egg) which produces a zygote, containing both paternal and maternal sets of chromosomes

Question 14

Meiosis

Answer 14

A special type of cell division that halves the chromosome number and provides a haploid set of chromosomes to each gamete

Question 15

Tetrad

Answer 15

Synapsed chromosomes with four chromatids

Four closely associated chromatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes

Question 16

Synapsis

Answer 16

The paring of the replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of Meiosis (Synaptonemal complex)

Question 17

Chiasmata

Answer 17

X-shaped regions that hold the tetrad together

Question 18

Homologous

Answer 18

Like chromosomes that form a pair

Question 19

Somatic

Answer 19

Body cells with 46 chromosomes in humans

Question 20

Sporophyte

Answer 20

The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation

Question 21

Syngamy

Answer 21

The process of cellular union during fertilization

Question 22

Maternal Chromosomes

Answer 22

Chromosomes received from the mother

Question 23

Paternal Chromosomes

Answer 23

Chromosomes received from the father

Question 24

Recombiant Chromosomes

Answer 24

A chromosome that emerges from meiosis with a combination of genes different from a parental combination of genes