Big Idea 4

Question 1

Alimentary Canal

Answer 1

the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus; esophagus, stomach, and intestines

Question 2

Allosteric Regulation

Answer 2

regulation of a protein by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the protein’s active site; effector binds to allosteric site

Question 3

Alveoli

Answer 3

tiny air sac in lungs where exchange of oxygen and CO2 takes place

Question 4

Amino Acid

Answer 4

a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (-COOH) and an amino (-NH2) group

Question 5

Atrium

Answer 5

each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles; right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from veins of body; left atrium receives deoxygenated blood from pulmonary vein

Question 6

Carbohydrates

Answer 6

Any large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose; 2: hydrogen: oxygen ratio; broken down to release energy

Question 7

Centriole

Answer 7

minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division

Question 8

Cholesterol

Answer 8

compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues, including the blood and the nerves; cholesterol and its derivatives make up cell membrane

Question 9

Coenzymes

Answer 9

nonprotein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme; bind to enzymes and help them function

Question 10

Cofactors

Answer 10

additional substance apart from protein and substrate that is required for enzyme activity; increase the rate of a reaction or usedfor enzyme activity; ex- iron and zinc

Question 11

Covalent Bond

Answer 11

sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

Question 12

Fatty Acid

Answer 12

carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group

Question 13

Flame Cell

Answer 13

a specialized excretory cell found in simplest freshwater vertebrates; function like a kidney, removing waste materials

Question 14

Glycolipids

Answer 14

lipids with carbohydrate attached; provide energy and serve as marker for cell recognition; extend from phospholipid bilayer

Question 15

Hormone

Answer 15

signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behavior

Question 16

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 16

weak bond between proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in another

Question 17

Ionic Bond

Answer 17

force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions; like a magnet

Question 18

Isotope

Answer 18

proton and neutron number in nucleus is different than the atom’s mass number; carbon-13 or carbon-14 when it is usually carbon-12

Question 19

Keystone Species

Answer 19

a plant or animal that plays a unique and crucial role in the way an ecosystem functions

Question 20

Kidney

Answer 20

organ in abdominal cavity to excrete urine and wastes to regulate fluid balance

Question 21

Malpighian Tubule

Answer 21

organs of excretion in insects and anthropods; narrow tubules

Question 22

Nephridia

Answer 22

Nephridium: invertebrate organ which occurs in pairs and performs a function similar to the vertebrate kidney; nephridia remove metabolic wastes from animal’s body

Question 23

Neuron

Answer 23

electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals; signals between neurons occur via synapses

Question 24

Neurotransmitter

Answer 24

transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another target neuron; released from synaptic vesicles

Question 25

Isomers

Answer 25

molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures, properties, and functions

Question 26

Active Site

Answer 26

a small port in an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction; reaction occurs when substrate collides and slots into active site of an enzyme