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AP Biology > Chapter 12: Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Cell Cycle Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Cell cycle

A

extends from the creation of a new cell by the division of its parent cell to its own division into two cells

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1
Q

Cell Division

A

creates duplicate offspring in unicellular organisms and provides for growth, development, and repair in multicellular organisms

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2
Q

Genome

A

complete complement of DNA

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3
Q

Gametes

A

reproductive cells (sperm and egg)

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4
Q

Chromatin

A

a DNA-protein complex

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5
Q

Mitosis

A

the division of the nucleus

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6
Q

Cytokinesis

A

cytoplasm divides; produces two separate, genetically equivalent daughter cells

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7
Q

Mitotic spindle

A

consists of fibers made of microtubules and associated proteins

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8
Q

Centrosome

A

the microtubule-organizing center

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9
Q

Asters

A

radial arrays of microtubules which extend from the centrosomes in animal cells

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10
Q

Kinetochore

A

a structure of a protein associated with DNA located at the centromere region

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11
Q

Cleavage

A

the process that separates the two daughter cells in animals

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12
Q

Cell plate

A

forms by the fusion of membrane vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus

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13
Q

Binary fission

A

cell division process in which a cell divides in half (in prokaryotes)

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14
Q

Bacterial chromosome

A

a single circular DNA molecule

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15
Q

Cell cycle control system

A

consist of a set of molecules that function cyclically, coordinating the events of the cell cycle

16
Q

Cyclins

A

regulatory proteins that attach to kinases to form Cdks

17
Q

Anaphase

A

the mitotic stage in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell

18
Q

Centromere

A

the narrow “waist” of a condensed chromosome

19
Q

Interphase

A

time when a cell metabolizes and performs its various functions

20
Q

Malignant tumor

A

a cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair functions of one or more organs

21
Q

Meiosis

A

a variation of cell division that yields daughter cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell

22
Q

Metaphase

A

the mitotic stage in which the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell, at the metaphase plate

23
Q

Prophase

A

the first mitotic stage in which the chromatin is condensing

24
Q

Telophase

A

the final stage of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun

25
Q

Transformation

A

the process that converts a normal cell into a cancer cell

26
Q

Chromosome

A

Thread-like structures with DNA packed inside

27
Q

Somatic cell

A

any cell other than a reproductive cell

28
Q

Sister chromatids

A

pieces of identical DNA crucial in DNA replication and division

29
Q

Spindle poles

A

organizes microtubules; functionally equivalent to centrosome

30
Q

Metaphase plate

A

a plane cell section in the equatorial plane of the metaphase spindle having the chromosomes oriented upon it

31
Q

Cleavage furrow

A

a groove from the cell membrane in a dividing cell as the contractile ring tightens

32
Q

Cell plate

A

a plate that develops at the midpoint between the two groups of chromosomes in a dividing cell and that is involved in forming the wall between the two new daughter cells

33
Q

Origin of replication

A

a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated

34
Q

Density-dependent inhibition

A

If a cell is crowded, it will not divide. Cells will stop dividing when they are in contact with other cells. (caused by the lack of growth factors)

35
Q

Anchorage dependence

A

most animal cells must be in contact with a solid surface in order to divide

36
Q

Growth factors

A

proteins that promote cell division

37
Q

Actin

A

Forms microfilaments in muscles and other contractile elements in cells

AP Biology (8 decks)

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