Chapter 12: Cell Cycle

Question 0

Cell cycle

Answer 0

extends from the creation of a new cell by the division of its parent cell to its own division into two cells

Question 1

Cell Division

Answer 1

creates duplicate offspring in unicellular organisms and provides for growth, development, and repair in multicellular organisms

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

complete complement of DNA

Question 3

Gametes

Answer 3

reproductive cells (sperm and egg)

Question 4

Chromatin

Answer 4

a DNA-protein complex

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

the division of the nucleus

Question 6

Cytokinesis

Answer 6

cytoplasm divides; produces two separate, genetically equivalent daughter cells

Question 7

Mitotic spindle

Answer 7

consists of fibers made of microtubules and associated proteins

Question 8

Centrosome

Answer 8

the microtubule-organizing center

Question 9

Asters

Answer 9

radial arrays of microtubules which extend from the centrosomes in animal cells

Question 10

Kinetochore

Answer 10

a structure of a protein associated with DNA located at the centromere region

Question 11

Cleavage

Answer 11

the process that separates the two daughter cells in animals

Question 12

Cell plate

Answer 12

forms by the fusion of membrane vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Binary fission

Answer 13

cell division process in which a cell divides in half (in prokaryotes)

Question 14

Bacterial chromosome

Answer 14

a single circular DNA molecule

Question 15

Cell cycle control system

Answer 15

consist of a set of molecules that function cyclically, coordinating the events of the cell cycle

Question 16

Cyclins

Answer 16

regulatory proteins that attach to kinases to form Cdks

Question 17

Anaphase

Answer 17

the mitotic stage in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell

Question 18

Centromere

Answer 18

the narrow “waist” of a condensed chromosome

Question 19

Interphase

Answer 19

time when a cell metabolizes and performs its various functions

Question 20

Malignant tumor

Answer 20

a cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair functions of one or more organs

Question 21

Meiosis

Answer 21

a variation of cell division that yields daughter cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 22

Metaphase

Answer 22

the mitotic stage in which the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell, at the metaphase plate

Question 23

Prophase

Answer 23

the first mitotic stage in which the chromatin is condensing

Question 24

Telophase

Answer 24

the final stage of mitosis in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun

Question 25

Transformation

Answer 25

the process that converts a normal cell into a cancer cell

Question 26

Chromosome

Answer 26

Thread-like structures with DNA packed inside

Question 27

Somatic cell

Answer 27

any cell other than a reproductive cell

Question 28

Sister chromatids

Answer 28

pieces of identical DNA crucial in DNA replication and division

Question 29

Spindle poles

Answer 29

organizes microtubules; functionally equivalent to centrosome

Question 30

Metaphase plate

Answer 30

a plane cell section in the equatorial plane of the metaphase spindle having the chromosomes oriented upon it

Question 31

Cleavage furrow

Answer 31

a groove from the cell membrane in a dividing cell as the contractile ring tightens

Question 32

Cell plate

Answer 32

a plate that develops at the midpoint between the two groups of chromosomes in a dividing cell and that is involved in forming the wall between the two new daughter cells

Question 33

Origin of replication

Answer 33

a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated

Question 34

Density-dependent inhibition

Answer 34

If a cell is crowded, it will not divide. Cells will stop dividing when they are in contact with other cells. (caused by the lack of growth factors)

Question 35

Anchorage dependence

Answer 35

most animal cells must be in contact with a solid surface in order to divide

Question 36

Growth factors

Answer 36

proteins that promote cell division

Question 37

Actin

Answer 37

Forms microfilaments in muscles and other contractile elements in cells