CHAPTER 13: Manipulative and Body Based Therapies Flashcards
Method of treatment for chiropractic medicine
relieve blockage by using spinal manipulations or adjustments
what is chiropractic medicine
method of treatment based on the belief that the nervous system (spinal column, nerves), skeletal system (bones, joints) and muscular system interact and if that interaction is blocked disease and pain will occur
subluxation
one or more bones of the spine that have moved out of position and cause pressure on or irritate the spinal nerves
adjustment
process of manipulating misaligned vertebrae or other joints in the body back into place (ex. wrist bones and joints)
what 3 body systems are involved
nervous system (spinal column, nerves)
Muscular system (muscles, ligaments, tendons)
Skeletal System (bones, joints)
what are bonesetters
people who set broken bones without surgery
Daniel David Palmer (1845-1913)
- founded concept of chiropractic medicine in 1895
- manipulated vertebrae back into place to ‘cure’ patients
- he believed spinal manipulations could cure 95% of all diseases
- opened palmar school of chiropractic in 1898
- in 1906 was jailed for treating people w out a lisence
primary belief of chiropractic philosophy
using natural and conservative methods to allow the body to heal without medicine or surgery
two straight camps
objective straights: focus solely on correction of chiropractic verterbral sublaxations
traditional: chiropractic adjustments are a plausible treatment for a wide range of diseases
3 camps of chiropractic philosophy
- chiropractic straights
- chiropractic mixers
- reform chiropractic (offshoot of mixers)
Chiropractic Straights (15%)
- focus solely on the correction of vertebral subluxations
- more modern
- dont claim sublaxations cause any disease
- follow palmers doctrine
Chiropractic Mixers (majority)
- supported by the ACA
- diseases is CAUSED by pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses)
- subluxations cause lower resistance to disease or cause neurological imbalance
- use spinal adjustments and other physical/mechanical adjuncts
Reform Chiropractic
- offshoot of mixers
- rejected the palmer philosophy
- promote scientific studies and practice and most biomedical
- recommended chiropractic care for musculoskeletal disorders
- spinal joint dysfunction was not cause for disease
new profession? -> orthapractic group
vaccination and fluoridation
Process of adjusting amount of fluoride in your drinking water to decrease tooth decay, controversial because some people believe just ingesting the floruride can cause some toxic effects
- many chiro are opposed to vaccination, dont promote the use
4 Chiropractic Techniques
- basic chiropractic adjustments
- thompson chiropractic technique
- cox flexion/distraction chiropractic technique
- gonstead chiropractic technique
Basic Chiropractic adjustments
manual and mechanical procedures usually directed at specific joints
- combination most used is high velocity, short lever and low force
Thompson Chiropractic Technique
- aka Drop-Table Technique
- analyzes the length of legs and then uses drop table for adjustment
- high velocity, low force
cox flexion/distraction chiropractic technique
- restore range in motion in joints and muscles
- uses special table that flexes and bends various joints
- Restore herniated discs,
reduce headaches, and
improve posture - Low velocity, low force
gonstead chiropractic technique
- application of different levels of pressure to address subluxations
- increase muscle and joint mobility
- short lever, high velocity, low force
- uses tables and patient is sitting up
chiropractic activator
- mechanical chiropractic aid
- small tool that delivers a light and measured force to correct a misalignment
- gently and painlessly moves the vertebrae
active release technique (ART)
designed to treat scar tissue adhesions that can cause symptoms such as pain, weakness and restricted range of motion
- uses motion and hands on muscle manipulation of the affected part
dry needling
- inserting acupuncture needle into the affected area
- break the muscle tension and tone to promote scar tissue changes
contraindications of chiropractic practice
- osteoporosis
- inflammation in spinal cord
- increased risk of stroke
- bleeding abnormalities
- spinal malignancy
adverse effects of chiropractic practice
- headaches
- back pain
- horse tail
- local discomfort
- sleep issues
process of becoming a chiropractor
- undergrad bachelors degree
- graduate doctor of chiropractic degree 4-5 years
- classroom, lab and clinical experience - National board exam
- register with regions board
- meet all licensing requirements
benefits of chiropractic care
- effective for back and neck pain
- decrease frequency of headaches
- does not require drugs
- considered a natural treatment
- chiropractors can develop close relationship with patients
critics thoughts on chiropractic
American Medical Association (AMA) began a campaign to discredit the profession
“sore throat” leaked materials that revealed AMA tactics
origins of massage
- Hippocrates (460-370 BCE)
- reported that anatripsis was most effective for massage - Per Henrik Ling (1776-1839)
- developed the swedish massage and swedish gymnastics - swedish gymnastics
pros of chiropractic care
- effective for back and neck pain
- decrease frequency of headaches
- doesn’t require drugs and considered natural
cons of chiropractic care
- has not been scientifically proven and could deter people from seeking medical advice
- rigorous course of study
western massage
healing system that addresses the body through anatomy, physiology and pathology
- more soothing and calming
- swedish massage
- myofascial release
- esalen massage
- holistsic massage
eastern massage
healing based on energy flow and balance between human mind and body
- focus on direct and focused pressure, more stimulating
- ayurvedic massage
- tunia therapy
- lomi lomi massage
- shiatsu massage
massage therapists are not allowed to:
diagnose conditions, prescribe drugs, conduct spinal or joint manipulation
Effleurage
light friction technique, made up of long, stroking movements which are performed using a flat hand or fingers
- used to increase the flow of lymphatic system
petrissage
massage technique in which deep pressure is applied to tissue and underlying muscle
- treating muscle knots or spasms
- uses a squeezing technique
percussion
slight striking the body using diff parts of the hands, keeping wrists loose
- tapotement is a superfifical for of percussion
how to become a massage therapist
- high school diploma
- massage therapy program
- complete required training hours
- mandatory certification examinations (College of Massage Therapists of Ontario)
what does the research show
- older people benefit from it
- pregnant people benefit
- lowering blood glucose levels w children w diabetes
studies have limitations: small samples, inadequate control groups, lack of follow up studies
benefits of massage therapy
- eliminate waste products (e.g. lactic acid)
- improves circulation
- simulate lympth system
- enhance sense of well being
- reduce stress
- improve mood and sleep patterns
- reduce back pain
what is reflexology
form of massage that involves applying pressure to points on the feet, hands and ears
- body is divided into 10 energy loops
- pressure points
origins of reflexology
eunice ingham
- renamed zone therapy as reflexology
- figured out that applying pressure to reflex points could have a much wider effect on the body than just pain relief
- published findings in her book
zone therapy
body is divided into 10 vertical zones, running from the tips of the toes to the top of the head
what is reflexology
type of therapy that involved applying different amounts of pressure to the feet, hands and ears
- help health issues naturally
- preventative measures
- no known side effects
- typical session lasts 30-60 mins
is there a licensing to become a reflexologist
NO licensing laws require special reflexology training
- ARCB - has a written and practical examination in both hands and feet
research on reflexology
shown to be effective on anxiety and pain in 23 patients with breast and lung cancer
did not show as a good treatment for lower back pain or IBS
