Chapter 13: Lexicon Flashcards
1
Q
What prefix means ‘first’?
A
proto-
Proto- is derived from Greek.
2
Q
What does the prefix ‘arch-‘ signify?
A
highest or chief
Arch- is used in titles like archbishop or archrival.
3
Q
What does the prefix ‘vice-‘ indicate?
A
substitute or assistant
Examples include vice president and vice admiral.
4
Q
What does the prefix ‘co-‘ denote?
A
joint or mutual
Used in terms like co-author and co-pilot.
5
Q
Fill in the blank: The prefix _______ means ‘alongside of’.
A
para-
6
Q
What is a paralegal?
A
a legal assistant who is not fully licensed
Paralegals assist lawyers but do not represent clients.
7
Q
What does ‘sub-‘ indicate in terms like subaltern?
A
lower or beneath
Sub- implies a lower rank or position.
8
Q
What does ‘archenemy’ mean?
A
a principal enemy
An archenemy is often considered more significant than regular enemies.
9
Q
True or False: A proto-type is an early model that serves as a basis for later forms.
A
True
10
Q
What does the prefix ‘archaeo-‘ connote?
A
beginning, chief, or ruler
Used in words like archaeology.
11
Q
Fill in the blank: The prefix _______ refers to something being hidden or secret.
A
crypto-
12
Q
What does ‘quasi-‘ imply?
A
resembling or having some characteristics of
Quasi- suggests a partial or incomplete nature.
13
Q
What is the meaning of ‘paramedic’?
A
a medical assistant who supports paramedics
Paramedics are licensed to provide emergency medical services.
14
Q
Fill in the blank: The prefix _______ suggests an inferior or lesser status.
A
sub-
15
Q
What is the significance of ‘Ur-‘ in linguistics?
A
it indicates the original or earliest form
Ur- is often used in contexts like Ur-Germanic.
16
Q
What is the difference between ‘prototype’ and ‘archetype’?
A
A prototype is an early model; an archetype is the original model or ideal example
Archetypes are timeless and represent the essence of something.
17
Q
True or False: A neo-Nazi believes they are the real thing, updated from historical Nazis.
A
True
18
Q
What does ‘para-professional’ refer to?
A
a person who supports but is not fully qualified in a profession
Para-professionals often work alongside licensed professionals.
19
Q
What does Ur- mean?
A
Ur- means ‘original, earliest, primitive.’
It is used in terms like Urtext, which refers to a text reconstructed from extant later texts.
20
Q
What is the significance of an ‘Urtext’?
A
An Urtext is a text reconstructed from later texts, presenting it with unrectified mistakes and in the original orchestration size.
For example, presenting a symphony of Beethoven in Urtext format.
21
Q
What does the prefix mega- signify?
A
Mega- means ‘million.’
It is often used in terms like megaton and megabuck.
22
Q
What is the meaning of the prefix mégalo-?
A
Mégalo- indicates greatness or strength without a specific numerical value.
Examples include megalomaniac and megalopolis.
23
Q
What do the prefixes macro- and micro- denote?
A
Macro- denotes largeness or overdevelopment, while micro- denotes smallness or underdevelopment.
Examples: macroeconomics (large scale) vs. microeconomics (small scale).
24
Q
What does the prefix semi- mean?
A
Semi- means ‘half’ or sometimes a bit less.
Derived from Latin, it combines freely in words.
25
What does demi- mean?
Demi- is derived from French and means 'half.'
## Footnote
Examples include demitasse and demimonde.
26
What does hemi- mean?
Hemi- is derived from Greek and means 'half.'
## Footnote
An example is hemisphere.
27
Fill in the blank: A _______ magazine comes every other month.
bimonthly
28
What does hyper- mean?
Hyper- means 'over' or 'too much.'
## Footnote
Examples include hyperactive and hypertension.
29
What does hypo- mean?
Hypo- means 'under' or 'too little.'
## Footnote
Examples include hypoglycemia and hypodermic.
30
What does the prefix meta- signify?
Meta- has meanings of 'with, among' and 'after, behind.'
## Footnote
It is often used in terms related to transcendence or change.
31
What is the origin of the term meta- in philosophy?
The term meta- comes from Aristotle's work titled 'Ta meta ta phusika,' meaning 'the things after physics.'
32
What is the difference between 'affect' and 'effect'?
'Affect' is primarily a verb implying influence; 'Effect' is primarily a noun meaning the result.
## Footnote
'Effect' can also be used as a verb meaning to bring about a result.
33
What is the verb form of 'effect' associated with?
A sense of purpose or impact
## Footnote
Examples include 'I must effect my plan to stop smoking' and 'By not smoking, I have succeeded in effecting my complete recovery.'
34
What is the difference between 'anxious' and 'eager'?
'Anxious' implies worry or concern, while 'eager' indicates enthusiasm
## Footnote
You are eager to spend time with friends unless there are complicating personal feelings.
35
Define 'presume' and 'assume'.
'Presume' means to take for granted; 'assume' means to postulate for the sake of argument
## Footnote
Presuming involves anticipation, while assuming is more straightforward.
36
What does 'genuine' signify?
Something that hasn't been forged
## Footnote
'Authentic' relates to truth about its subject.
37
What is the meaning of 'canonical'?
Pertaining to church law
## Footnote
Related terms include 'ecclesiastical' (pertaining to the church) and 'liturgical' (pertaining to public worship).
38
What is the difference between 'compleat' and 'complete'?
'Compleat' is archaic; 'complete' is the standard form
## Footnote
'Compleat' is often used in titles to attract attention.
39
How do 'compose' and 'comprise' differ?
'Compose' means to make up, while 'comprise' means to include
## Footnote
The pack is composed of wolves; the wolves comprise the pack.
40
What distinguishes 'continual' from 'continuous'?
'Continual' allows for gaps; 'continuous' is unbroken
## Footnote
Example: 'Continual setbacks' occur at intervals; 'continuous rain' does not stop.
41
Define 'converse' and 'inverse'.
'Converse' is a simple transposition; 'inverse' involves turning something inside out
## Footnote
In logic, the inverse negates both hypothesis and conclusion.
42
What does 'deprecate' mean?
To express disapproval
## Footnote
'Depreciate' refers to reducing in value or worth.
43
What is the meaning of 'discreet'?
Prudent and circumspect
## Footnote
'Discrete' means distinct or separate.
44
What is the function of a dock?
It's where a ship comes to rest
## Footnote
A pier is a structure you can walk on, while a wharf runs along the shore.
45
Differentiate between 'egotist' and 'egoist'.
'Egotist' talks about themselves; 'egoist' believes in self-interest as morality
## Footnote
A solipsist believes only their mind is certain to exist.
46
What does 'enormity' refer to?
Something monstrously wicked
## Footnote
'Enormousness' simply means immensity.
47
What is the difference between 'epidemic' and 'endemic'?
An epidemic breaks out temporarily; an endemic is long-lasting in a region
## Footnote
Example: Cholera is endemic in parts of Asia.
48
What is an 'epigram'?
A concise and cleverly worded statement
## Footnote
An 'epigraph' is a quotation at the beginning of a work.
49
How are 'ethics' and 'morals' distinguished in modern usage?
'Ethics' is the philosophy of morals; 'morals' are the practical enactment of ethics
## Footnote
'Ethical' describes proper behavior, while 'moral' may imply judgment.
50
Fill in the blank: 'Farther' means _______.
more far
51
What is the distinction between 'ethical' and 'moral'?
'Moral' has associations with 'immoral' and has lost some of its range, while 'ethical' describes proper, admirable, or honest behavior.
## Footnote
'Moral' often relates to personal standards, while 'ethical' pertains to broader societal standards.
52
What does 'farther' mean?
'Farther' means 'more far' and can apply to both time and space.
## Footnote
It indicates physical distance or time, e.g., 'farther from Miami to Palm Beach.'
53
What does 'further' imply?
'Further' means 'more to the fore' and often relates to figurative distance or effort.
## Footnote
It is used when discussing advancement in ideas or actions.
54
Differentiate between 'flaunt' and 'flout'.
'Flaunt' means to show off ostentatiously, while 'flout' means to scorn or show contempt for.
## Footnote
Using 'flaunt' when 'flout' is intended can confuse the intended meaning.
55
What is the origin of 'pagan'?
'Pagan' comes from a Latin word meaning 'country district' and often refers to ancient Greeks and Romans.
## Footnote
It contrasts with 'heathen,' which is a derogatory term for those not adhering to Christianity.
56
Explain the difference between 'infer' and 'imply'.
'Imply' is what the speaker does, while 'infer' is what the listener does.
## Footnote
Misusing these terms can indicate pretentiousness.
57
What does 'insidious' mean?
'Insidious' refers to something that is stealthy and treacherous.
## Footnote
It typically describes undesirable things that sneak up on you.
58
What does 'invidious' mean?
'Invidious' means likely to cause resentment or envy.
## Footnote
It is often used to describe remarks or situations that provoke ill will.
59
Define 'envy'.
Envy is the feeling of resentment and greed towards someone else's possessions.
## Footnote
It is one of the seven deadly sins.
60
Define 'jealousy'.
Jealousy involves fear of loss or rivalry, often of a personal nature.
## Footnote
It can imply protectiveness or intolerance.
61
What are the differences between mean, median, and mode?
Mean is the average, median is the middle value, and mode is the most frequently occurring number.
## Footnote
The median can provide a clearer picture than the mean in certain datasets.
62
What does 'mutual' imply?
'Mutual' implies exchange and reciprocity between parties.
## Footnote
'Common' simply indicates shared characteristics without interaction.
63
Differentiate between 'objective' and 'subjective'.
'Objective' refers to facts without personal bias, while 'subjective' is influenced by personal feelings.
## Footnote
These terms are often debated in literary and philosophical contexts.
64
What is the difference between 'oral' and 'verbal'?
'Oral' refers to spoken communication, while 'verbal' applies to any use of words.
## Footnote
'Aural' relates specifically to hearing.
65
What is 'pathos'?
'Pathos' refers to the quality in art or literature that evokes pity or compassion.
## Footnote
It is often used in discussions about emotional appeal.
66
What does 'bathos' mean?
'Bathos' is an unintentional descent into the banal or mawkish in literature.
## Footnote
It is often contrasted with pathos.
67
Define 'redundancy'.
Redundancy refers to unnecessary repetition in language.
## Footnote
It includes both tautology and pleonasm.
68
What is 'tautology'?
Tautology is the unnecessary repetition of an idea using different words.
## Footnote
Examples include 'free gift' or 'advance planning.'
69
What is 'pleonasm'?
Pleonasm is the use of more words than necessary to express an idea.
## Footnote
It can enhance clarity or emphasis, but can also irritate.
70
Differentiate between 'sensuous' and 'sensual'.
'Sensuous' relates to pleasure from the senses, while 'sensual' pertains to erotic pleasure.
## Footnote
Understanding this distinction helps clarify intentions in discussions about pleasure.
71
What does 'sententious' mean?
'Sententious' refers to pompous moralizing.
## Footnote
It often carries a negative connotation.
72
What does 'tendentious' mean?
'Tendentious' refers to promoting a particular cause or point of view, often in a biased manner.
## Footnote
It is typically used in discussions of writing or speech that has a clear agenda.
73
Differentiate between 'specious' and 'spurious'.
'Specious' means misleadingly attractive or seemingly true but false, while 'spurious' means false or not genuine.
## Footnote
'Spurious' often implies illegitimacy.
74
What is a 'sybarite'?
A sybarite is a person who is self-indulgent in luxury.
## Footnote
This term originates from the ancient Greek city of Sybaris, known for its wealth and pleasure-seeking.
75
Define 'hedonist'.
A hedonist believes that pleasure is the highest good.
## Footnote
This term derives from the Greek word 'hedone' meaning pleasure.
76
What is an 'epicurean'? Fill in the blank: An epicurean seeks pleasure in _______.
intellectual pursuits.
## Footnote
Unlike a hedonist, an epicurean emphasizes moderation and virtue.
77
What is the difference between 'sympathy' and 'empathy'?
'Sympathy' is feeling with someone, while 'empathy' is feeling into someone.
## Footnote
Empathy involves a deeper understanding of another's emotions.
78
What is the definition of sympathy?
Feeling with; the power to share another person's emotions
79
What is empathy?
Feeling into; the ability to project one's personality into someone to understand them better
80
True or False: Empathy originated as a translation of the German term Einfuhlung.
True
81
What does synecdoche use to signify the whole?
An appropriate part of something
82
What does metonymy denote?
The use of an associated or outside attribute for the object or institution under discussion
83
Fill in the blank: Turgid means swollen, inflated, enlarged, and can also imply _______.
Pompous
84
What is the meaning of turbid?
Muddy, impenetrable, opaque; confused, disordered
85
What does the term uninterested mean?
Indifferent, uncaring
86
What does disinterested mean?
Impartial
87
What does venal mean?
Open or susceptible to bribery; capable of betraying one's honor for a price
88
What does venial mean?
Pardonable, easily excused, minor in nature
89
List three words that are commonly mispronounced.
* flaccid
* heinous
* scion
90
What is the correct pronunciation of 'segue'?
SEG-way
91
Fill in the blank: 'Forte' is one syllable when it means strong point; it's two syllables (_______) when it refers to the musical direction.
FOR-tay
92
What does the word 'junta' refer to?
A council, especially in a Spanish context
93
How do the British and Americans differ in pronouncing 'sheik'?
British say S H A K E; Americans say S H E E K
94
What is the correct pronunciation of 'Celtic' according to purists?
KELT-ic
95
What does the word 'autarky' mean?
Absolute sovereignty, total self-control
96
Fill in the blank: 'Bated breath' means _______.
Shortened
97
What does 'pore over' mean?
To examine carefully, especially a manuscript
98
What is the meaning of 'captious'?
Perversely hard to please; given to fault-finding
99
What does 'fractious' mean?
Peevish, irritable, cranky; inclined to cause trouble
100
What does 'noisome' refer to?
Disgusting, unwholesome, unpleasant
101
Fill in the blank: 'Fulsome' originally meant _______.
Overly abundant or excessive
102
What does the term 'noisome' mean?
Disgusting, unwholesome, unpleasant
## Footnote
Examples include 'a noisome gas' or 'noisome prison conditions.'
103
What is the modern meaning of 'fulsome'?
Offensively excessive or insincere
## Footnote
Originally meant 'full, rich, plentiful.'
104
Define 'restive'.
Impatient or nervous due to restraint or delay
## Footnote
Implies resistance to outside control.
105
What does 'tortuous' describe?
Full of twists and turns
## Footnote
Not necessarily excruciating.
106
What is the meaning of 'parlous'?
Dangerous, precarious, risky
## Footnote
Often used in political discussions.
107
What does 'passible' mean?
Capable of feeling or suffering; impressionable
## Footnote
Related to passion and patience.
108
Define 'feckless'.
Weak, ineffective, childishly careless and irresponsible.
109
What does 'dilatory' refer to?
Tending to procrastinate
## Footnote
Can refer to a deliberate attempt to stall.
110
What is the meaning of 'meretricious'?
Attracting by false charms; gaudy, flashy, or tacky
## Footnote
Often associated with deceptive attractiveness.
111
Define 'fortuitous'.
Accidental, happening by chance.
112
What does 'enervating' mean?
Sapping, debilitating, depriving of strength or vitality.
113
What does 'gnomic' mean?
Wise and pithy, full of aphorisms.
114
What is the meaning of 'lambent'?
Flickering lightly over a surface; having a gentle glow.
115
Define 'plangent'.
Striking with a deep, reverberating sound; plaintive.
116
What does 'inchoate' describe?
Just begun, undeveloped, immature, imperfect.
117
What does 'jejune' mean?
Meagre, scanty, barren; weak, insubstantial, unfortifying; dull, insipid, childish.
118
What does 'atavistic' refer to?
Resembling one's ancestors, reverting to ancestral type.
119
Define 'heuristic'.
Concerned with ways of finding things out or solving problems by trial and error.
120
What does 'demotic' mean?
Popular, in common use; also refers to the colloquial form of Modern Greek.
121
What is the meaning of 'fustian'?
A coarse, thick cloth; derogatory term for an overblown, pompous style.
122
Define 'hermetic'.
Pertaining to alchemy or the occult; also means airtight.
123
What does 'numinous' mean?
Dedicated to or hallowed by a deity; holy, awe-inspiring.
124
What does 'protean' describe?
Changing form easily; variable, versatile.
125
What does 'priapic' refer to?
Suffering from a persistent, painful hard-on; obsessed with masculinity.
126
Define 'ineffable'.
Unutterable, either because it is too overwhelming or too sacred.
127
What does 'ineluctable' mean?
Inescapable, inevitable.
128
What is the meaning of 'aleatory'?
Depending on chance; involving random choice.
129
Define 'otiose'.
Ineffective, serving no purpose, futile.
130
What does 'eidetic' refer to?
Very vivid, but not real; related to images perceived outside the head.
131
What does 'viscous' mean?
Having high viscosity; sticky, glutinous.
132
What is the mnemonic for the order of the planets from the sun outward?
My very earnest mother just served us nine pickles.
133
What does 'c' signify in Latin abbreviations?
Circa, indicating approximate dates.
134
What does 're' stand for?
About, concerning.
135
What does 'cf.' mean?
Compare
## Footnote
From Latin 'confer.'
136
What does 'fl.' indicate?
He (or she) flourished.
137
What does 'vs.' represent?
Against.
138
What does 'D.V.' stand for?
Deo volente; God willing.
139
What does 'e.g.' mean?
For example
## Footnote
Short for 'exempli gratia.'
140
What does 'i.e.' indicate?
That is
## Footnote
Short for 'id est.'
141
What does 'N.B.' mean?
Note well
## Footnote
Short for 'nota bene.'
142
What does 'i.e.' stand for?
id est, 'that is'
## Footnote
Used to clarify or explain something.
143
What does 'N.B.' mean?
nota bene, 'note well'
## Footnote
Indicates something significant that should not be overlooked.
144
What is the meaning of 'qua'?
'In the capacity of' or 'considered as'
## Footnote
Example: 'the film qua film' refers to the film as an art form.
145
Define 'sic'.
Thus, used to indicate a quoted error
## Footnote
Example: 'Sylvester Stallione (sic) movie' highlights the misspelling.
146
What does 'viz.' signify?
'Namely' or 'to wit'
## Footnote
Used to introduce a list or clarification.
147
What is the full form of 'Q.E.D.'?
quod erat demonstrandum, 'which was to be shown'
## Footnote
Often used to conclude a mathematical proof.
148
What does 'R.I.P.' stand for?
Requiescat in pace, 'May he (or she) rest in peace'
## Footnote
Commonly found on tombstones.
149
Translate 'ERGO'.
'Therefore' or 'hence'
## Footnote
Used in logical reasoning.
150
What does 'Pace' mean?
'With all due respect to'
## Footnote
Used to express polite disagreement.
151
Define 'STET'.
'Let it stand'
## Footnote
Indicates to ignore previous instructions for changes.
152
What does 'VIDE' mean?
'See' or 'consult'
## Footnote
Used in references to direct the reader to another source.
153
What does 'IBID.' refer to?
'In the same book, chapter, or passage'
## Footnote
Used in citations to refer back to the last source.
154
What does 'ET AL.' stand for?
'And others'
## Footnote
Used when referring to multiple authors or contributors.
155
What does 'AD HOC' mean?
'For this thing'
## Footnote
Refers to something created for a specific purpose.
156
What is the meaning of 'AD LIB.'?
'To the desire'
## Footnote
Indicates improvisation in performance.
157
Translate 'PER SE'.
'Through itself'
## Footnote
Indicates something intrinsic or essential.
158
What does 'PASSIM' signify?
'Scattered' or 'occurring throughout'
## Footnote
Used to describe references found in various parts of a work.
159
Define 'BONA FIDE'.
'Done or made in good faith'
## Footnote
Indicates sincerity and genuineness.
160
What does 'CASUS BELLI' mean?
'Occasion of war'
## Footnote
Refers to an event that justifies war.
161
What is the meaning of 'cui BONO'?
'For whom (is it) good?'
## Footnote
Used to analyze motives behind actions.
162
What does 'DE FACTO' refer to?
'From the fact'
## Footnote
Describes a state of affairs in practice, regardless of legality.
163
What does 'DE JURE' mean?
'From the law'
## Footnote
Refers to something that is legally recognized.
164
What is the meaning of 'EX POST FACTO'?
'From what is done afterward'
## Footnote
Refers to laws that apply retroactively.
165
Translate 'IN MÉDIAS RES'.
'Into the midst of things'
## Footnote
Refers to starting a narrative in the middle of the action.
166
What does 'MEMENTO MORI' signify?
'Remember you must die'
## Footnote
A reminder of mortality.
167
Define 'MUTATIS MUTANDIS'.
'The things that ought to have been changed having been changed'
## Footnote
Indicates that necessary adjustments have been made.
168
What does 'NE PLUS ULTRA' mean?
'Not further beyond'
## Footnote
Indicates a limit or ultimate point.
169
What is the meaning of 'OBITER DICTUM'?
'Thing said by the way'
## Footnote
Refers to incidental remarks.
170
What does 'PARI PASSU' signify?
'With equal pace'
## Footnote
Indicates simultaneous or equal progress.
171
Translate 'PERSONA NON GRATA'.
'Person not pleasing'
## Footnote
Refers to someone who is unwelcome in a particular context.
172
What does 'QUID PRO QUO' mean?
'Something for something'
## Footnote
Refers to a reciprocal exchange.
173
What does 'SINE QUA NON' mean?
'Without which not'
## Footnote
Refers to an essential condition.
174
What does 'SUB ROSA' mean?
'Under the rose'
## Footnote
Indicates secrecy or confidentiality.
175
Define 'sui GENERIS'.
'Of its own kind'
## Footnote
Refers to something unique or particular.
176
What does 'TU QUOQUE' translate to?
'You also'
## Footnote
Used as a response to personal accusations.
177
What does 'ULTRA VIRES' mean?
'Beyond (one's) authority'
## Footnote
Refers to actions taken beyond legal jurisdiction.
178
What is 'CORPUS DELICTI'?
'The body of the crime'
## Footnote
Refers to tangible evidence of wrongdoing.
179
What does 'NOLLE PROSEQUI' mean?
'To not wish to proceed'
## Footnote
Indicates the prosecution's decision to drop charges.
180
What is 'HABEAS CORPUS'?
'You have the body'
## Footnote
A legal order requiring a detained person to be brought before a judge.
181
What does 'NOLO CONTENDERE' signify?
'I don't want to fight'
## Footnote
A plea by a defendant that is treated as an admission of guilt.
182
What does 'DE PROFUNDIS' mean?
'Out of the depths'
## Footnote
A phrase expressing deep sorrow.
183
What is the meaning of 'ECCE HOMO'?
'Behold the man'
## Footnote
Refers to a biblical phrase used by Pilate.
184
Translate 'NUNC DIMITTIS'.
'Now lettest Thou (thy servant) depart'
## Footnote
Expresses readiness to leave or die.
185
What does 'NOLI ME TANGERE' mean?
'Touch me not'
## Footnote
A phrase expressing a desire for distance.
186
Define 'BILDUNGSROMAN'.
'Education novel'
## Footnote
A literary genre focusing on personal development.
187
What is a 'DOPPELGÄNGER'?
'Double-goer'
## Footnote
Refers to a ghostly double of a living person.
188
What does 'GEMÜTLICHKEIT' refer to?
'Geniality, coziness, a sense of shared well-being'
## Footnote
A term describing a warm, inviting atmosphere.
189
What is 'GÖTTERDÄMMERUNG'?
'Twilight of the gods'
## Footnote
Refers to the final opera in Wagner's Ring cycle.
190
Define 'LEBENSRAUM'.
'Living space'
## Footnote
Historically used to justify territorial expansion.
191
What does 'SCHADENFREUDE' mean?
'Harm joy'
## Footnote
Refers to pleasure derived from others' misfortunes.
192
What is 'STURM UND DRANG'?
'Storm and stress'
## Footnote
A German literary movement characterized by emotional turmoil.
193
What does 'WELTANSCHAUUNG' mean?
'Worldview'
## Footnote
Refers to a comprehensive philosophy of life.
194
Define 'WELTSCHMERZ'.
'World pain'
## Footnote
Describes a feeling of world-weariness or angst.
195
What does 'WUNDERKIND' translate to?
'Wonder child'
## Footnote
Refers to a child prodigy or exceptionally talented individual.
196
What does WELTANSCHAUUNG mean?
Worldview; a philosophy of life and a comprehensive version of how the world works.
197
Define WELTSCHMERZ
World pain; ranges from sentimental pessimism to full-fledged distress and angst.
198
What is a WUNDERKIND?
Wonder child; a child prodigy who excels in composition, direction, or performance.
199
What does ZEITGEIST refer to?
Time ghost; the spirit of the age or the taste and outlook of a period or generation.
200
What does ECHT mean?
Genuine, typical, the real thing.
201
Define ERSATZ
Substitute, artificial, not real.
202
What does VERBOTEN mean?
Forbidden, prohibited.
203
What does BÊTE NOIRE mean?
Black beast; someone or something that one fears, dislikes, or avoids.
204
What does DE RIGUEUR mean?
Absolutely necessary; required by good form.
205
What is a FAIT ACCOMPLI?
Accomplished fact; a thing already consummated, making change impossible.
206
Define PAR EXCELLENCE
Above all others of the same type; by virtue of its excellence.
207
What does RAISON D'ÊTRE mean?
Reason for being; justification for one's existence.
208
What is a BON MOT?
A witty remark or memorable comment.
209
What does CARTE BLANCHE mean?
White paper; implies blanket permission to act freely.
210
Define COUP DE GRÂCE
Stroke of mercy; the death blow or finishing act.
211
What does ENFANT TERRIBLE refer to?
Terrible child; typically a young artist or writer who causes trouble.
212
What is a PIÈCE DE RÉSISTANCE?
Something of substance or toughness; not merely the crowning glory.
213
Define BELLES LETTRES
Serious literary writings; more artistic than intellectual.
214
What does FIN DE SIÈCLE mean?
End of century; particularly refers to the end of the nineteenth century.
215
What is a ROMAN À CLEF?
Novel with key; fictionalized account of real people and events.
216
Define SUCCÈS D'ESTIME
A success based on reviews rather than sales.
217
What does TOUR DE FORCE mean?
Turn of force; a display of virtuosity or skill.
218
What is an AGENT PROVOCATEUR?
Undercover agent infiltrating a group to provoke illegal actions.
219
Define CORDON SANITAIRE
A guarded line between an infected area and an uninfected one.
220
What does EMINENCE GRISE mean?
Power behind the throne; authority exercised unofficially.
221
What is LÈSE-MAJESTÉ?
An offense against one's ruler; treason.
222
Define NOBLESSE OBLIGE
Noble birth obligates; privilege entails responsibility.
223
What does COMME IL FAUT mean?
As is necessary; socially acceptable behavior.
224
What is a DOUBLE ENTENDRE?
A remark with a racy undertone and a seemingly innocent surface meaning.
225
Define D'UN CERTAIN AGE
Middle-aged; euphemistically refers to someone of that age.
226
What does FAUTE DE MIEUX mean?
For want of something better; lack of a workable alternative.
227
What does PLUS ÇA CHANGE mean?
The more it changes; nothing new under the sun.
228
What is an ACTE GRATUIT?
A gratuitous act; a sudden and disruptive impulse.
229
Define FORCE MAJEURE
Irresistible force; unexpected events releasing obligations.
230
What does HOMME MOYEN SENSUEL mean?
Average sensual man; embodies the free and pleasurable life.
231
What is TRAHISON DES CLERCS?
Treason of the clerks; intellectuals betraying their principles.
232
Define ESPRIT DE L'ESCALIER
Wit of the staircase; a clever retort thought of too late.
233
What does AMOUR-PROPRE mean?
Self-love; ranges from self-esteem to neurotic self-involvement.
234
Define ARRIÈRE-PENSÉE
Behind-thought; a concealed intention or ulterior motive.
235
What is a CRIME PASSIONNEL?
Crime of passion, especially murder motivated by jealousy.
236
What does DROIT DU SEIGNEUR mean?
Right of the feudal lord to sleep with a vassal's bride.
237
Define NOSTALGIE DE LA BOUE
Yearning for degradation or depravity, especially by unexpected individuals.
238
What does 'NOSTALGIE DE LA BOUE' mean?
'Yearning for the mud,' for degradation, depravity, and wallow
239
In what context is 'NOSTALGIE DE LA BOUE' particularly used?
In a guess-who's-sleeping-with-whom context
240
Who coined the phrase 'NOSTALGIE DE LA BOUE'?
A popular nineteenth-century French dramatist
241
True or False: 'NOSTALGIE DE LA BOUE' is more familiar to English speakers than to the French.
True
242
What kind of person typically expresses 'NOSTALGIE DE LA BOUE'?
A person we'd all have thought was above such things
243
Fill in the blank: 'NOSTALGIE DE LA BOUE' is a phrase associated with _______.
[degradation, depravity, wallow]
244
What is the emotional tone associated with 'NOSTALGIE DE LA BOUE'?
Yearning
245
What does the phrase imply about the individual expressing it?
They have a longing for experiences considered low or degrading
