Chapter 13: Health and Fitness Flashcards
What is the “Marriage Benefit”?
- both men and women who are married tend to live longer than their single counterparts (but bad marriages can be detrimental to health)
- men benefit more than women (women provide emotional support and monitor their husbands healthy related behaviours)
Mortality rates and gender differences
- women are sicker, men die quicker
- women live longer on average
- gender differences related to health factors
- women seek health care more than men
What are cardiovascular diseases
- diseases of the heart and circulation
- leading cause of death in the USA
- similar between genders though men die at younger age
What are the risk factors for cardiovascular disease
- Sex: for men under 65 , women hold more risk with hormone replacement therapy
- Lifestyle Factors: smoking, high fat diets (more men)
- treatment in the medical system (women tend to be over-diagnosed)
Cancer and Gender
- second leading cause of death in the U.S
- men overall have higher mortality rate (gender differences exist in the various types of cancer)
What are the Risk Factors for Cancer
- cigarette smoking, diet (carcinogens and high fat), obesity, physical inactivity
sexual behaviour : early intercourse (HPV), late pregnancies (breast cancer), relatively higher in men
Violent Deaths
- more common in the USA, related to gun laws
- leading cause of death for young adults in the usa
Gender differences with violent death and suicide
- african american men more likely to be murdered
- women more attempt suicide though they use less lethal methods such as drugs , lower rates of risky behaviours (seat belts)
The health care system and gender
- stereotypical female gender role behaviour leads women to meet the definitions of illness more often than men do
(and receive more medical care) - women seek more care
Gender differences in seeking health care
- men more likely to avoid health care, reproductive health care issues make women go more (birth control, childbirth and pregnancy)
- men typically have more health insurance than women
The patient role
- more compatible with traditional female gender role
- male health care providers and female patients tend to play into stereotypical gender roles
Effect of gender and medicine
Androcentrism- the standard by which to measure all health concerns, men are the standard patient
Gender differences in receiving hormone replacement therapy?
- the Women’s Health Initiative did a study and found that it could be dangerous to women (menopause?) , related to higher rates of breast cancer, heart disease and dementia
- no comparable evidence for men
Women’s reproductive health definition
- specialized problems, “disease” processes that require health care
- contraception, pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, menstruation
- women are socialized to go to the doctor for due to reproductive health
Which gender is at greater risk of issues with sexually transmitted diseases
- women
- due to more complex reproductive systems
Gender Differences in eating
- women tend to eat less infront of hot boys
- more prevalent in adolescence
- females are more motivated by social impressions
- masculine role: pushed toward unhealthy food choices, greater caloric intake
Gender differences in body image
- women are supposed to be thin even though women naturally have more fat
- men are supposed to be muscular rather than thin, pressure for men to diet and work out
What is anorexia nervosa
- self starvation
What is Bulimia
- binge eating and purging
Risk factors for eating disorders
- more common in women
- age (higher risk of younger)
- occupation (higher risk for models)
- athletics
- sexual orientation (higher for non-heterosexuals)
What are the benefits of exercise and fitness in each gender
- for men it decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease
- for women it decreases risk of osteoporosis
- both have psychological benefits
- Boys generally more than girls, though kids overall have become less active
Gender Differences in reasons to exercise
- men- promote fitness, enjoy
- women- keep and manage body shape
- Muscle dysmorphia for men
Life expectancy and SES
- higher for wealthy countries
- lower economic countries have more parasites and infections
