Chapter 12: Careers and Work

Question 1

what is a career

Answer 1

• a life path

Question 2

what types of careers do men and women pursue

Answer 2

• men: full-time, uninterrupted

- women: discontinuous, career secondary to husband and family

Question 3

Are stay at home moms a career

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

Salary differences between genders

Answer 4

• 11% difference in initial salary even with same qualifications
• women expect less
• women do not negotiate higher wages as much as men do

Question 5

What is the Glass Ceiling

Answer 5

• the invisible barrier that prevents women and ethnic minorities from advancing in organizations
• women less likely to get corporate level jobs

Question 6

what is the Glass Elevator

Answer 6

• contrasts with glass ceiling

- the advantage that men have in female-dominated careers (males more rapid promotion)

Question 7

Sticky floor

Answer 7

• low-status occupations with little opportunity for advancement (female-dominated occupations)

Question 8

Factors contributing to the wage gap

Answer 8

• career choices (female-dominated jobs are lower paying to start)
• career schedules (assume women are less committed b/c family)
• career motivation (women tend to have high motivation with jobs but jobs are hesitant to include women, and they assume women are not as motivated to work)
• workplace climate (discrimination, women perceive work places to be more hostile)

Question 9

Gender differences in speech styles

Answer 9

men- negotiations and power

women- connections and commonality (this is not their disadvantage, their lack of power is)

Question 10

Sex role spillover

Answer 10

• aspects of gender roles affect behaviour in the workplace
• different expectations
• men expected to be leaders in positions of power
• women are expected to nurturing, subordinate or less powerful, and sexual

Question 11

What is Quid pro Quo

Answer 11

• demanding sexual favors as a condition for employment/ promotion
• sexual coercion

Question 12

Hostile environment and sexual harassment at work

Answer 12

• workplace contains unwanted sexual attention or offensive behaviour

Question 13

Gender harassment in the workplace

Answer 13

• offensive or hostile behaviour directed at individuals because of their gender

Question 14

Rates of sexual harassment at work

Answer 14

• both are targets though women more

- women more likely to perceive something as harassment than men (men may take it as flattering)

Question 15

What is the “ideal worker”

Answer 15

• white able-bodied male

Question 16

Disabled persons in the workplace

Answer 16

• biases
• far less employment
• women with disabilities far worse than men