Chapter 13: Gender and Development Flashcards
What are instrumental traits?
traits that describe people who act on the world and influence it- associated with men- competence, rationality, assertiveness
What are expressive traits?
traits that describe people who have emotional functions and care about interpersonal relationships- associated with women- warmth, caring, sensitivity
T/F occupations have the same gender stereotypes cross-culturally
False
T/F lower class are more likely to believe in stereotypes due to a lack of education
True
What gender is more likely to be prone to birth complications, diseases, ADHD, and engage in unhealthy behaviours?
Males
How do boys and girls differ in terms of cognition?
Girls have better verbal skills while boys are better at math and visual-spatial
What is mental rotation and what sex is better at it?
imagine an image when it is moved. Boys
When can the difference in aggression be seen?
17 months
What are androgens?
The hormone linked to aggression
What gender is better at effortful control?
Girls
T/F Children adopt their parents views on gender roles
True
By what age do kids play with kids of the sex almost exclusively?
Age 10
What is differential reinforcement?
Differential reinforcement is reinforcing a target behavior while withholding reinforcement from an unwanted behavior
How do boys and girls differ in negotiating?
Girls enable (polite requests) while boys constrict (force, threats)
Before what age do kids think that doing things typical of the other sex will make them that sex?
5 or 6
What is Gender Schema Theory?
kids attribute a gender to an object or behaviour and change their actions based on that
What are Kohlberg’s stages of gender identity?
- Stage 1- basic gender identity- label oneself as a boy or girl- age 2 or 3
- Stage 2- gender stability- doing something that isn’t gender appropriate will make them that gender- 3 or 4
- Stage 3- gender constancy- gender stays the same no matter the behaviour- between 4 and 7
What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
disorder where adrenal glands secrete a lot of androgen in prenatal development- girls with this disorder prefer male activities- supporting the impact of testosterone in prenatal development on masculine activities
What is Androgen insensitivity syndrome?
genetic males born with female genitalia- prefer female activities
What does androgynous mean?
Have both instrumental and expressive traits
Why do androgynous children become better adjusted?
Having expressive and instrumental traits is beneficial to success
