Chapter 13: Gender and Development

Question 1

What are instrumental traits?

Answer 1

traits that describe people who act on the world and influence it- associated with men- competence, rationality, assertiveness

Question 2

What are expressive traits?

Answer 2

traits that describe people who have emotional functions and care about interpersonal relationships- associated with women- warmth, caring, sensitivity

Question 3

T/F occupations have the same gender stereotypes cross-culturally

Answer 3

False

Question 4

T/F lower class are more likely to believe in stereotypes due to a lack of education

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What gender is more likely to be prone to birth complications, diseases, ADHD, and engage in unhealthy behaviours?

Answer 5

Males

Question 6

How do boys and girls differ in terms of cognition?

Answer 6

Girls have better verbal skills while boys are better at math and visual-spatial

Question 7

What is mental rotation and what sex is better at it?

Answer 7

imagine an image when it is moved. Boys

Question 8

When can the difference in aggression be seen?

Answer 8

17 months

Question 9

What are androgens?

Answer 9

The hormone linked to aggression

Question 10

What gender is better at effortful control?

Answer 10

Girls

Question 11

T/F Children adopt their parents views on gender roles

Answer 11

True

Question 12

By what age do kids play with kids of the sex almost exclusively?

Answer 12

Age 10

Question 13

What is differential reinforcement?

Answer 13

Differential reinforcement is reinforcing a target behavior while withholding reinforcement from an unwanted behavior

Question 14

How do boys and girls differ in negotiating?

Answer 14

Girls enable (polite requests) while boys constrict (force, threats)

Question 15

Before what age do kids think that doing things typical of the other sex will make them that sex?

Answer 15

5 or 6

Question 16

What is Gender Schema Theory?

Answer 16

kids attribute a gender to an object or behaviour and change their actions based on that

Question 17

What are Kohlberg’s stages of gender identity?

Answer 17

• Stage 1- basic gender identity- label oneself as a boy or girl- age 2 or 3
• Stage 2- gender stability- doing something that isn’t gender appropriate will make them that gender- 3 or 4
• Stage 3- gender constancy- gender stays the same no matter the behaviour- between 4 and 7

Question 18

What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

Answer 18

disorder where adrenal glands secrete a lot of androgen in prenatal development- girls with this disorder prefer male activities- supporting the impact of testosterone in prenatal development on masculine activities

Question 19

What is Androgen insensitivity syndrome?

Answer 19

genetic males born with female genitalia- prefer female activities

Question 20

What does androgynous mean?

Answer 20

Have both instrumental and expressive traits

Question 21

Why do androgynous children become better adjusted?

Answer 21

Having expressive and instrumental traits is beneficial to success