Chapter 10: Emotional Development Flashcards
What is the functional approach to emotions?
Emotions are considered useful because they help people adapt to their environments.
Name the basic universal emotions.
The basic universal emotions are interest, disgust, sadness, fear, surprise, and joy.
What kind of emotions are universal
Basic Emotions
At what age do infants typically exhibit a social smile?
Infants typically exhibit a social smile at 6 to 10 weeks of age.
How does anger typically arise in infants?
Anger in infants arises when they cannot achieve their goals
What is “stranger wariness” and at what age does it usually occur in infants?
“Stranger wariness” typically happens at around 6 months of age when infants become wary around unfamiliar people.
How can you reduce the effect of stranger wariness?
Have the baby in a familiar environment and have the stranger slowly adapt to the baby.
What are self-conscious emotions, and when do they emerge?
Self-conscious emotions involve feelings of success or failure when standards are met or not. They emerge between 18 to 24 months and include shame, pride, guilt, and embarrassment.
How do emotions change with age and experience?
Emotions become more complicated as individuals grow older and encounter new situations that warrant different emotions.
How does culture influence the social acceptance of certain emotions?
Culture plays a significant role in encouraging or discouraging specific emotions.
What are display rules in the context of emotions?
Display rules are standards for showing emotions in different contexts and with different people, and they are influenced by culture.
Why is guilt considered better than shame for children’s development?
Guilt is considered better than shame because it signals that the action was wrong, but the child is not inherently bad.
How does temperament influence emotional development?
Temperament, which refers to behavioral styles, can impact how children experience and express emotions as they interact with their environment.
What are the three dimensions of temperament according to Rothbart?
The three dimensions of temperament according to Rothbart are Surgency/extraversion, negative affect, and effortful control.
How is temperament influenced by genetics?
Temperament is influenced by both genetics and the environment. Genetic factors can be seen with twins having similar temperaments. The DRD4 gene makes kids more susceptible to their environment.
What are the four types of attachment identified in the Strange Situation? Which are insecure?
The four types of attachment identified in the Strange Situation are secure attachment, avoidant attachment, resistant attachment, and disorganized attachment. The last three are insecure
How do secure attachment children typically react during the Strange Situation?
Secure attachment children might cry when the mother leaves but seek comfort from her when she returns, and their distress stops.
How do attachment styles in childhood relate to attachment styles in adulthood?
Attachment styles in childhood tend to influence attachment styles in adulthood, affecting how individuals form and maintain relationships.
What is the significance of a secure first attachment for a child’s development?
A secure first attachment provides a sense of security and helps a child develop healthy relationships and social skills.
How does high-quality parenting impact attachment and development?
High-quality parenting fosters secure attachment and positively influences a child’s development.
How can training help parents improve their parenting skills?
Training can help parents learn effective parenting strategies and improve the quality of their interactions with their children like be responsive when their baby needs them
How does guilt help children make better decisions?
Negative feelings get associated with actions and can be remembered to change future behaviour to avoid the negative feeling.
How early might infants be able to identity emotions?
As early as 4 months
What is Social Referencing?
In unfamiliar situations, infants look to caregiver for social cues
How does guilt help children make better decisions?
Negative feelings get associated with actions and can be remembered to change future behaviour to avoid the negative feeling.
How early might infants be able to identity emotions?
As early as 4 months
T/F Voice cues are more effective than facial cues?
True
How can someone deal with negative emotions?
Changing attention or reappraising situations
T/F Emotions develop at a different rate than cognitive skills
False
