Chapter 13: communication

Question 1

communication

Answer 1

an action or cue info given by a sender and is preceived by and alters the bahavior of the receiver

Question 2

animal signals

Answer 2

action or structure of a signaler that sends a message to a reciever

Question 3

efficacy cost

Answer 3

cost of making signal clear to reciver

Question 4

ritualization

Answer 4

signlaer’s movements become highly sterotyped, repetitive and enhanced by evolution of bright colors

Question 5

sterotyped behaviors

Answer 5

behaviors that are repaed over and over with no adaptive function

Question 6

Does a signaler always realize when they are sending out a signal? In other words, do
they have to actively send out a signal in order to transmit information to the receiver?

Answer 6

it can be voluntary or involuntary

Question 7

Who benefits from animal communication?

Answer 7

signaler and receiver

Question 8

Can communication occur between a signaler and an unintentional receiver (an
individual that is not the target audience of the signaler)? If so, what are some examples
of this occurring?

Answer 8

yes, predators competition

Question 9

Be able to give examples of different types of animal signals (visual, olfactory, auditory,
etc.)

Answer 9

odors, sounds, colors, light,

Question 10

What determines what kind of signals an animal uses?

Answer 10

evnviornment and species

Question 11

what are the 2 categories of animal signals?

Answer 11

1. self reporting signals
2. other reporting signals

Question 12

self reporting signals

Answer 12

signals a property of a signaler ( bright color, mating call)

Question 13

orther reporting signals

Answer 13

signals an object or an organism other than the signaler

Question 14

What is the general function of animal signals? Give examples of specific types of
functions of animal signals

Answer 14

increase inclucsive fitness of signaler

Question 15

efficacy cost

Answer 15

cost of making signal clear to receiver, require some type of energy
- ex. stotting behavior

Question 16

handicap principle

Answer 16

in order for a signal to be reliable, it must be clostly bc high quality individuals can afford the cost

Question 17

When will signals be honest or dishonest? When should receivers pay attention to signals or ignore them?

Answer 17

honest signals evolve when both the signaler and intended receiver benefit
dishonest signals are used to deceive/manipulate receiver and only benefit signaler

Question 18

what are honest signals?

Answer 18

signals that convey accurate info about you or the environment
ex: alarm calls when predators are seen, and letting the predators know you see them

Question 19

what is the bee waggle dance and what does it tel the other hive mates?

Answer 19

it is a dance where the female worker returns to the hive and does a figure 8 movement with abdoment to signal a food source has been found

Question 20

Know the studies/examples about Vervet Monkeys, we discussed related to honest signals given to warn relatives/mates of predators and how these help the signaler and receiver

Answer 20

they produce multiple types of alarm calls that cary depending on the type of threat
cough=aerial threat (others can respond by looking up or hiding in bushes)
barking=ground threat (others respond by climbing trees)
chutter= ground or tree threat (other respond by standing tall and scanning grass)

Question 21

What is meant by the term “Mate Investment” in relation to the downy woodpecker
example?

Answer 21

produce alarm calls in response to an aerial predator when foraging with a mate